Analysis of the Interaction between Soft Particles and Fuel Filter Media
Analysis of the Interaction between Soft Particles and Fuel Filter Media
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DOI：
10.4271/04-14-03-0010
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Hittig, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Csontos, Botond;Bernemyr, Hanna;Hittig, Henrik
交通运输行业目前正朝着使用零排放车辆的方向过渡;然而，实现这一目标需要相当长的时间。与此同时，柴油动力系统仍将是大多数重型运输的主力。为了减少发动机对环境的影响，生物燃料，如生物柴油，被用作直接燃料或燃料混合物。由于粘性沉积物会沉淀并导致喷油器故障或燃油滤清器过早堵塞，因此使用直喷式燃油可能会给燃油系统带来挑战。过去的结论是，这些沉积物是由软颗粒引起的。本文研究了生物柴油降解过程中产生的软颗粒及其对过滤器的影响。本文旨在分析燃油滤清器，并研究负责软颗粒分离的材料。该研究包括三个预过滤器和三个主过滤器，这些过滤器是市售的卡车过滤器。测试了不同类型的膜和具有不同孔径的膜，以了解它们用于燃料过滤的潜力。测试是使用定制的燃油过滤器装置进行的，其中在线测量压力积聚。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和电感耦合等离子体（ICP）对去除效果进行了评价。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱（SEM/EDX），和热重分析（TGA）的过滤器的材料进行了检查。分析揭示了软颗粒和不同过滤介质相互作用的新结果。在软颗粒去除和压力累积方面，过滤器显示出与商业燃料过滤器相似的性能，因此燃料过滤器堵塞的趋势，其中预过滤器的总钙离子去除效率约为40%，主过滤器为60%。材料分析表明，颗粒很可能主要通过滤纸的纤维素层去除，玻璃纤维过滤器显示出更高的容量。此外，膜过滤器被证明具有良好的去除软颗粒的潜力，最高去除率为72%;然而，它们在实践中的使用需要在实际燃料系统中进一步评估。
The transportation industry is currently in a transition toward the use of zero-emission vehicles; however, reaching it will take a considerable amount of time. In the meantime, a diesel powertrain will remain the workhorse for most heavy-duty transportation. In order to reduce the engine's environmental impact, biofuels, such as biodiesel, are used as drop-in fuels or fuel blends. The use of drop-in fuels may create challenges for the fuel system since sticky deposits can precipitate and cause injector malfunctioning or premature fuel filter plugging. It has been concluded in the past that these deposits have been caused by soft particles. In this article, soft particles created through the degradation of biodiesel and their effect on filters are studied. The article aims to analyze fuel filters and investigate the materials responsible for soft particle separation. The study includes three pre filters and three main filters that are commercially available truck filters. Different membrane types and membranes with different pore sizes were tested in order to comprehend their potential for fuel filtration. The tests were conducted using a custom-built fuel filter rig, where pressure buildup was measured online. The removal efficiency was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The materials of the filters were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis revealed novel results from the interaction of soft particles and different filter media. The filters show similar performance for the commercial fuel filters with respect to soft particle removal and pressure buildup and thus the tendency for fuel filter plugging, where the efficiency for total calcium ion removal was around 40% for pre-filters and 60% for main filters. The material analysis shows that the particles are most likely removed mainly by the cellulose layer of the filter paper, and filters with glass fiber showed higher capacity. In addition, the membrane filters prove to show good potential for soft particle removal, with the highest removal of 72%; however, their use in practice needs to be further evaluated in actual fuel systems.