Effects of income inequality on evacuation, reentry and segregation after disasters
Effects of income inequality on evacuation, reentry and segregation after disasters
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trd.2020.102260
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
T. Yabe;S. Ukkusuri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Yabe;S. Ukkusuri
大规模灾害往往会因城市系统遭受重大破坏而引发大规模疏散。了解受灾人员的疏散和重返（返回）过程对于灾害管理至关重要。此外，衡量个人灾后行为的异质性与他们的社会经济特征是必不可少的政策制定。最近的研究使用从移动的设备收集的大规模位置数据集来分析灾后移动模式。尽管有这些数据，而且这一问题具有社会重要性，但没有任何研究关注收入不平等如何影响灾后流动的公平性。为了克服这些研究空白，我们将人口普查的收入信息与流动性数据叠加，以量化收入不平等对灾后疏散和重返行为的影响，以及由此产生的空间收入隔离。使用受飓风厄玛影响的佛罗里达170多万移动的电话用户的位置数据进行时空分析，揭示了收入不平等对疏散行为的显著影响。收入较高的撤离者更有可能撤离受影响地区，到达住房和基础设施受损较少的安全地点。这些差异在强制疏散区内外的疏散人员中很常见。由于这种不平等的影响，在受影响地区出现了显著的空间收入隔离。深入了解收入不平等对灾后流动性和空间隔离的影响，有助于制定在灾前准备和灾后救济中更好地解决社会公平问题的政策。
Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.