Migration, cultural transformation and the rise of black liver cirrhosis mortality.
Migration, cultural transformation and the rise of black liver cirrhosis mortality.
复制标题
移民、文化转型和黑人肝硬化死亡率上升。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb03011.x
复制
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Herd,D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herd,D
在整个19世纪和20世纪的大部分时间里，美国黑人的肝硬化死亡率通常与白人相似或略低于白人。1955年以后，这种模式迅速改变，美国黑人经历了肝硬化的流行，大大超过了白人人口的适度增长。肝硬化死亡率的增加与地理区域高度相关。在城市化的沿海和北部地区，黑人的死亡率增加了四倍之多，在美国南部农村地区仍然很低。在白人中，这种模式被逆转了，南部的死亡率比北部工业区的死亡率增加得更多。本文分析了这些流行病学趋势，重点关注美国黑人的队列差异和迁移模式。黑人肝硬化发病率的当代分布似乎部分反映了19世纪禁酒运动的政治气候变化，以及20世纪初黑人从南方农村向北方城市的大规模迁移。19世纪早期的禁酒运动非常有利于黑人的政治自由，因此创造了许多禁酒的黑人盟友；到世纪之交，禁酒运动的政治基础与黑人政治权利剥夺和种族隔离的策略联系在一起，从而疏远了许多黑人。从20世纪二三十年代开始，运动中的这些变化以及同时大量黑人向“潮湿”的城市地区迁移，似乎刺激了部分黑人人口的迅速酒精化。
Throughout (he 19th and most of the 20th century, liver cirrohsis mortality rates among U.S. blacks were usually similar to or slightly below rates in the white population. After 1955 this pattern rapidly changed and black Americans experienced an epidemic of cirrhosis which greatly exceeded the moderate increases in the white population. Increases in cirrhosis mortality were highly specific to geographical region. Rates among blacks increased as much as four times in urbanised coastal and northern regions and remained low in the southern rural areas of the U.S. Among whites this pattern was reversed and mortality rates increased more in the south than in northern industrial areas.This paper analyses these epidemiological trends with a focus on cohort differences and migration patterns in the U.S. black population. The contemporary distribution of black cirrhosis rates appears to reflect in part, shifts in the political climate of the 19th century temperance movement and the mass migration of blacks from the rural south to the urban north in the early decades of the century. The early 19th century temperance movement was highly favourable to black political liberty thus creating many black allies for temperance; by the turn of the century the political base of the temperance movement became associated with strategies for black political dufranchisement and racial segregation, thus alienating many blacks. These changes in the movement and the simultaneous mass migration of blacks to “wet” urban areas seemed to stimulate a rapid alcoholisation of some parts of the black population beginning in the 1920s and 1930s.