Controlling water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms): a proposed framework for preventative management
Controlling water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms): a proposed framework for preventative management
复制标题
控制水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms）：预防性管理的拟议框架
作者：
L. May;A. Dobel;C. Ongore
摘要在过去的世纪里，水葫芦、凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes（Mart.）索尔姆斯已侵入50多个国家的淡水系统，造成生物多样性的变化和广泛的生态破坏。它还破坏了渔业、航道、发电和供水。虽然水葫芦已经侵入所有热带和亚热带国家以及地中海盆地的一些地区，但最近的气候变化模型表明，除非采取有效的预防性管理措施，否则随着欧洲气温的上升，水葫芦的分布可能很快会扩大到更高的纬度地区。在本文中，我们探讨了水葫芦入侵的潜在生态和社会经济影响，从维多利亚湖充分记录的案例研究。我们还考虑了生物、化学和机械控制措施对已建立种群的相对有效性。我们的结论是，水葫芦是几乎不可能消除一旦建立，并控制其蔓延到新的地区可能是最具成本效益的方式减少其影响。我们提出了一个框架，这种杂草的预防性管理相结合的使用环境DNA作为一个早期预警系统，提高生物安全，以防止意外引进和入侵植物的物理删除之前，他们成为建立。我们还建议降低水体中的营养物浓度，以降低其对水葫芦入侵的敏感性，并在意外引入时降低其生长速度。
ABSTRACT Over the last century, water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, has invaded freshwater systems in more than 50 countries, causing changes in biodiversity and widespread ecological damage. It also disrupts fisheries, navigation routes, power generation, and water supply. Although water hyacinth has invaded all tropical and subtropical countries and some parts of the Mediterranean basin, recent climate change models suggest that its distribution may soon expand into higher latitudes as temperatures rise within Europe, unless effective preventative management measures are put in place. In this paper, we explore the potential ecological and socioeconomic impacts of water hyacinth invasion using well-documented case studies from Lake Victoria. We also consider the relative effectiveness of biological, chemical, and mechanical control measures on established populations. We conclude that water hyacinth is almost impossible to remove once established, and that controlling its spread into new areas is probably the most cost-effective way of reducing its impact. We propose a framework for the preventative management of this weed by combining the use of environmental DNA as an early warning system with heightened biosecurity to prevent accidental introductions and the physical removal of invasive plants before they become established. We also recommend that nutrient concentrations be lowered in waterbodies to reduce their susceptibility to water hyacinth invasion and reduce its growth rate if introduced accidentally.