Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2011-3552
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Onyema, Ngozi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eidelman, Arthur I.;Schanler, Richard J.;Onyema, Ngozi
母乳喂养和母乳是婴儿喂养和营养的规范标准。鉴于母乳喂养在短期和长期的医疗和神经发育方面的优势，婴儿营养应被视为一个公共卫生问题，而不仅仅是一种生活方式的选择。美国儿科学会重申其建议，纯母乳喂养约6个月，然后继续母乳喂养，因为补充食品的引入，母乳喂养持续1年或更长时间，由母亲和婴儿共同期望。母乳喂养的医学禁忌症是罕见的。婴儿的生长应根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的生长曲线标准进行监测，以避免将婴儿错误地标记为体重不足或无法茁壮成长。医院鼓励和支持开始和维持纯母乳喂养的常规应基于美国儿科学会认可的世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会“成功母乳喂养的十个步骤”。“美国卫生部长的行动呼吁、疾病控制和预防中心以及联合委员会支持的国家战略参与促进美国医院和社区的母乳喂养做法。儿科医生在他们的实践和社区中扮演着母乳喂养倡导者的关键角色，因此应该了解不母乳喂养的健康风险，母乳喂养对社会的经济效益，以及管理和支持母乳喂养的技术。“母乳喂养商业案例”详细说明了母亲如何在工作场所保持哺乳，以及促进这种做法的雇主的好处。儿科2012; 129：e827-e841
Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. Given the documented short-and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding, infant nutrition should be considered a public health issue and not only a lifestyle choice. The American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms its recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding as complementary foods are introduced, with continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infant. Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. Infant growth should be monitored with the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Curve Standards to avoid mislabeling infants as underweight or failing to thrive. Hospital routines to encourage and support the initiation and sustaining of exclusive breastfeeding should be based on the American Academy of Pediatrics-endorsed WHO/UNICEF "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding." National strategies supported by the US Surgeon General's Call to Action, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and The Joint Commission are involved to facilitate breastfeeding practices in US hospitals and communities. Pediatricians play a critical role in their practices and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and thus should be knowledgeable about the health risks of not breastfeeding, the economic benefits to society of breastfeeding, and the techniques for managing and supporting the breastfeeding dyad. The "Business Case for Breastfeeding" details how mothers can maintain lactation in the workplace and the benefits to employers who facilitate this practice. Pediatrics 2012; 129:e827-e841