Sniffing out patterns of sexual dimorphism in floral scent
Sniffing out patterns of sexual dimorphism in floral scent
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01590.x
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ashman, Tia-Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashman, Tia-Lynn
显花植物的一个主要转变是从雌雄同体进化到雌雄分离。这种转变往往，但并不总是，伴随着有吸引力的性状的性二型性的进化，花香也不例外。在这篇综述中，我的目的是提高我们对花香特征的性二型性变化的理解，首先阐明相关的假设，然后从每个假设中推导出明确的花香模式预测。接下来，我综合和定性审查发表的数据花挥发性排放率和组成的33性别二型物种，以确定新兴的模式，并评估这些预测来自hypothesis.Although结论必须被视为初步的，少数强有力的模式被揭示：（1）在大多数研究的物种中，雄性比雌性每朵花散发更多的挥发物，（2）在超过一半的研究的物种中，两性在气味组成的至少一个方面存在差异，（3）在无报酬雌性和/或育雏地授粉的物种中，气味组成的两性二型性比那些提供花蜜和/或花粉的物种少，（4）在总体气味组成和雄性器官特异性气味产生的性别差异之间基本上没有发现一一对应的关系。这篇综述突出了我们对花气味中两性二型性模式起源的理解中的差距，并清楚地表明，要推动该领域向前发展，我们需要将我们的重点从模式转移到过程，这将是最好的实现，同时测试替代假设在同一水平的分析。
P>A major transition in flowering plants has been the evolution of separate sexes (dioecy) from combined sexes (hermaphroditism). This transition is often, but not always, accompanied by the evolution of sexual dimorphism in attractive traits, and floral scent is no exception.In this review I aim to improve our understanding of variation in sexual dimorphism in floral scent characteristics by first explicating the relevant hypotheses, and then deriving explicit predictions for the pattern of floral scent from each.Next, I synthesize and qualitatively review published data on floral volatile emission rate and composition in 33 gender dimorphic species to identify emerging patterns, and evaluate these in light of predictions derived from the hypotheses.Although conclusions must be viewed as preliminary, a handful of strong patterns were revealed: (1) in the majority of the species studied males emit more volatiles per flower than females, (2) in over half of the species studied the sexes differed in at least one aspect of scent composition, (3) sexual dimorphism in scent composition was less common in species with rewardless females and/or brood site pollination than those that offered nectar and/or pollen, (4) a one-to-one correspondence between sex differences in overall scent composition and male organ-specific scent production is largely not found.This review has highlighted gaps in our understanding of the genesis of patterns of sexual dimorphism in floral scent, and makes clear that to move the field forward we need to shift our focus from pattern to process, and this will be best achieved by simultaneously testing alternative hypotheses at the same level of analysis.