Biodiversity and exploitation of the main fish stocks in the Norwegian - Barents Sea ecosystem
Biodiversity and exploitation of the main fish stocks in the Norwegian - Barents Sea ecosystem
复制标题
挪威-巴伦支海生态系统的生物多样性和主要鱼类种群的开发
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. Hamre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hamre
幼鲱鱼和毛鳞鱼是巴伦支海浮游生物的主要捕食者，鳕鱼是优势捕食者。温暖的气候有利于鲱鱼和鳕鱼的补充，但大量的青少年鲱鱼阻碍了毛鳞鱼鱼苗的生存。自1970年代初以来，鲱鱼种群遭到严重过度开发，这可能导致巴伦支海捕食者与被捕食者之间关系的不平衡。然而，在20世纪70年代和80年代初，鳕鱼可以以毛鳞鱼为食，当鲱鱼缺席时，毛鳞鱼具有良好的生长和补充条件。鲱鱼种群减少的后果在1980年代中期触发，当时鲱鱼和鳕鱼的补充条件非常好。三个丰富的一年类鳕鱼招募，但鲱鱼股票不够大，以充分利用有利的招聘条件。由于幼鲱鱼的缺乏和毛鳞鱼种群的减少，迅速增长的鳕鱼种群吃掉了该地区所有其他可捕食的物种，包括它自己的后代，饥饿的鳕鱼、海鸟和海豹在后来的几年里出现在挪威北部海岸。毛鳞鱼渔业崩溃，传统的沿海鳕鱼渔业受到有史以来最严重的危机的打击。
Juvenile herring and capelin are the main stocks of plankton feeders in the Barents Sea, the cod is the dominant predator. Warm climate favours recruitment of herring and cod, but large stocks of juvenile herring hamper survival of the capelin fry. Since the early 1970s, the herring stock has been grossly overexploited, which could have led to an imbalance in the state of the predatorprey relationships in the Barents Sea. In the 1970s and early 80s, however, cod could feed on capelin which had excellent growth and recruitment conditions when the herring was absent. The consequences of the reduced herring stock were triggered in the mid 1980s, when excellent recruitment conditions for herring and cod occurred. Three abundant year classes of cod were recruited, but the herring stock was not sufficiently large to take full advantage of the favourable recruitment conditions. Given the lack of juvenile herring and a reduced capelin stock, the rapidly growing cod stock grazed down all other available prey species in the area, including its own progeny, and starved cod, seabirds and seals have in later years appeared on the north Norwegian coast. The capelin fishery collapsed, and the traditional coastal cod fisheries have been struck by the most serious crisis on record.