The built environment and mental health
The built environment and mental health
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DOI：
10.1093/jurban/jtg063
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Evans, GW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, GW
建筑环境对心理健康有直接和间接的影响。高层住宅不利于有年幼子女的妇女的心理健康。劣质住房似乎增加了心理痛苦，但方法问题使其难以得出明确的结论。精神病患者的心理健康与影响其调节社会互动能力的设计元素有关（例如，家具配置、隐私）。老年痴呆症患者更好地适应小规模的家庭设施，这些设施也具有较低的刺激水平。他们也更好地适应建筑物，以适应物理漫游。住宅拥挤（每个房间的人数）和巨大的外部噪音源（例如，机场）会增加心理困扰，但不会产生严重的精神疾病。恶臭的空气污染物会增加负面影响，一些毒素（例如，铅、溶剂）引起行为障碍（例如，自我调节能力，侵略性）。日光不足与抑郁症状的增加有可靠的联系。间接地，物理环境可能通过改变心理社会过程而影响心理健康，并伴有已知的心理健康后遗症。个人控制、社会支持关系以及从压力和疲劳中恢复都受到建筑环境属性的影响。需要进行更多的前瞻性纵向研究，并在可行的情况下进行随机实验，以检查物理环境在心理健康中的潜在作用。更具挑战性的是开发建筑环境如何影响心理健康的潜在模型。有些人也可能更容易受到建筑环境的心理健康影响。由于接触不良环境条件不是随机分布的，往往集中在穷人和少数民族中，我们还需要更多地关注多种环境风险接触对健康的影响。
The built environment has direct and indirect effects on mental health. High-rise housing is inimical to the psychological well-being of women with young children. Poor-quality housing appears to increase psychological distress, but methodological issues make it difficult to draw clear conclusions. Mental health of psychiatric patients has been linked to design elements that affect their ability to regulate social interaction (e.g., furniture configuration, privacy). Alzheimer's patients adjust better to small-scale, homier facilities that also have lower levels of stimulation. They are also better adjusted in buildings that accommodate physical wandering. Residential crowding (number of people per room) and loud exterior noise sources (e.g., airports) elevate psychological distress but do not produce serious mental illness. Malodorous air pollutants heighten negative affect, and some toxins (e.g., lead, solvents) cause behavioral disturbances (e.g., self-regulatory ability, aggression). Insufficient daylight is reliably associated with increased depressive symptoms.Indirectly, the physical environment may influence mental health by altering psychosocial processes with known mental health sequelae. Personal control, socially supportive relationships, and restoration from stress and fatigue are all affected by properties of the built environment. More prospective, longitudinal studies and, where feasible, randomized experiments are needed to examine the potential role of the physical environment in mental health. Even more challenging is the task of developing underlying models of how the built environment can affect mental health. It is also likely that some individuals may be more vulnerable to mental health impacts of the built environment. Because exposure to poor environmental conditions is not randomly distributed and tends to concentrate among the poor and ethnic minorities, we also need to focus more attention on the health implications of multiple environmental risk exposure.