Virtual Melting Temperature: Managing Server Load to Minimize Cooling Overhead with Phase Change Materials
Virtual Melting Temperature: Managing Server Load to Minimize Cooling Overhead with Phase Change Materials
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DOI：
10.1109/isca.2018.00013
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发表时间：
2018-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matt Skach;Manish Arora;D. Tullsen;Lingjia Tang;Jason Mars
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作者：
Matt Skach;Manish Arora;D. Tullsen;Lingjia Tang;Jason Mars
随着大型数据中心的功率密度和功耗继续增长，从这些数据中心中去除热量并保持冷却的挑战越来越紧迫和昂贵。由于最大的数据中心现在超过200兆瓦的电力，因此冷却系统可以防止基于数千万美元的订单过热成本。提议部署相变材料（PCM）并使用热时间转移（TTS）的事先工作来重塑数据中心的热载荷，通过在高利用率的高峰时间内储存热量，并在利用率较低的情况下释放它，使其在较低的情况下释放冷却系统处理相同的峰值负载。 TTS支持的峰值冷却负载减少非常有益，但是TTS是一个被动系统，无法处理许多工作负载混合物或适应不断变化的负载或环境特征。在这项工作中，我们提出了VMT，这是一种热意识到的工作放置技术，该技术添加了一个可调，可调的组件，以更大的控制数据中心热输出。我们为VMT提出了两种不同的职位放置算法，并在模拟服务器群集中对VMT进行了规模研究。我们提供对每种算法的用例和权衡的分析，并表明VMT将峰值冷却负载降低了12.8％，以便在安装较小的冷却系统时可节省超过200万美元的成本，或者允许超过7,000在TTS无效的情况下要添加的其他服务器。
As the power density and power consumption of large scale datacenters continue to grow, the challenges of removing heat from these datacenters and keeping them cool is an increasingly urgent and costly. With the largest datacenters now exceeding over 200 MW of power, the cooling systems that prevent overheating cost on the order of tens of millions of dollars. Prior work proposed to deploy phase change materials (PCM) and use Thermal Time Shifting (TTS) to reshape the thermal load of a datacenter by storing heat during peak hours of high utilization and releasing it during off hours when utilization is low, enabling a smaller cooling system to handle the same peak load. The peak cooling load reduction enabled by TTS is greatly beneficial, however TTS is a passive system that cannot handle many workload mixtures or adapt to changing load or environmental characteristics. In this work we propose VMT, a thermal aware job placement technique that adds an active, tunable component to enable greater control over datacenter thermal output. We propose two different job placement algorithms for VMT and perform a scale out study of VMT in a simulated server cluster. We provide analysis of the use cases and trade-offs of each algorithm, and show that VMT reduces peak cooling load by up to 12.8% to provide over two million dollars in cost savings when a smaller cooling system is installed, or allows for over 7,000 additional servers to be added in scenarios where TTS is ineffective.