Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity
Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.2010.28608a
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Evans, William J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, William J.
骨骼肌质量的损失发生在衰老（肌肉减少症）、疾病（恶病质）或不活动（萎缩）期间。这篇文章对比和比较的代谢原因损失的肌肉造成这些条件。了解肌肉损失的根本原因对于制定保护肌肉质量和功能的策略和疗法至关重要。骨骼肌蛋白质的损失是由于肌肉蛋白质合成和降解速率之间的不平衡。恶病质、肌肉减少症和由于不活动引起的萎缩的特征在于肌肉质量的损失。这些病症中的每一种都会导致蛋白质降解增加（恶病质）、肌肉蛋白质合成速率降低（不活动）或两者的改变（肌肉减少症）的代谢适应。卧床休息的临床后果可能与恶病质相似，包括肌肉快速丧失、胰岛素抵抗和虚弱。预防卧床引起的萎缩包括营养支持，重点是高质量的蛋白质。单独的营养补充可能无法防止恶病质继发的肌肉损失，但是，与合成代谢剂的使用相结合，它可以减缓或防止肌肉损失。美国临床营养杂志2010;91（增刊）：1123 S-7S。
Loss of skeletal muscle mass occurs during aging (sarcopenia), disease (cachexia), or inactivity (atrophy). This article contrasts and compares the metabolic causes of loss of muscle resulting from these conditions. An understanding of the underlying causes of muscle loss is critical for the development of strategies and therapies to preserve muscle mass and function. Loss of skeletal muscle protein results from an imbalance between the rate of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Cachexia, sarcopenia, and atrophy due to inactivity are characterized by a loss of muscle mass. Each of these conditions results in a metabolic adaptation of increased protein degradation (cachexia), decreased rate of muscle protein synthesis (inactivity), or an alteration in both (sarcopenia). The clinical consequences of bedrest may mimic those of cachexia, including rapid loss of muscle, insulin resistance, and weakness. Prophylaxis against bedrest-induced atrophy includes nutrition support with an emphasis on high-quality protein. Nutritional supplementation alone may not prevent muscle loss secondary to cachexia, but, in combination with the use of an anabolic agent, it may slow or prevent muscle loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1123S-7S.