Depicting as a Method of Communication
Depicting as a Method of Communication
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DOI：
10.1037/rev0000026
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Clark, Herbert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Herbert H.
在日常话语中，人们不仅用手、手臂、头、脸、眼睛、声音、身体来描述和指向事物，而且还可以用或不用道具来描述事物。例如标志性的手势、面部手势、各种各样的语录、全面的演示和假装的游戏。有人认为，描绘是一种基本的交流方式。它与描述和指向是一样的，但它的工作原理不同。这里的提议被称为“舞台理论”，它认为，描绘是人们为他人描绘的物理场景，让他人用来想象他们所描绘的场景。上演一场戏和孩子们在假装游戏中以及演员和工作人员在舞台剧中使用的是同一类型的行为。这一理论解释了日常描绘的一系列不同特征。尽管描述是日常话语的组成部分，但它们在语言处理的标准模型中是缺失的。为了完善，这些模型将不得不考虑描绘以及描述和指向。
In everyday discourse, people describe and point at things, but they also depict things with their hands, arms, head, face, eyes, voice, and body, with and without props. Examples are iconic gestures, facial gestures, quotations of many kinds, full-scale demonstrations, and make-believe play. Depicting, it is argued, is a basic method of communication. It is on a par with describing and pointing, but it works by different principles. The proposal here, called staging theory, is that depictions are physical scenes that people stage for others to use in imagining the scenes they are depicting. Staging a scene is the same type of act that is used by children in make-believe play and by the cast and crew in stage plays. This theory accounts for a diverse set of features of everyday depictions. Although depictions are integral parts of everyday utterances, they are absent from standard models of language processing. To be complete, these models will have to account for depicting as well as describing and pointing.