Symbolic Refugee Protection: Explaining Latin America's Liberal Refugee Laws
Symbolic Refugee Protection: Explaining Latin America's Liberal Refugee Laws
复制标题
象征性的难民保护：解释拉丁美洲的自由难民法
DOI：
10.1017/s000305542200082x
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
HAMMOUD-GALLEGO O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HAMMOUD-GALLEGO O
是什么驱使全球南部的整个区域在21世纪初大幅扩大对难民的保护？在这篇文章中，我们通过混合方法来测试和构建政治难民理论，以解释整个拉丁美洲难民立法的自由化。首先，我们使用来自新的APLA数据库的数据，该数据库衡量了30年期间的立法自由化，并通过一系列嵌套的托比特和线性空间面板数据回归来测试一般和地区特定的移民和难民政策决定因素。我们的模型不支持文献中确定的一些政策自由化的一致性预测指标，如移民和难民存量、民主化和移民数量，但它们为左翼政府意识形态和区域一体化的重要性提供了统计证据。然后，我们阐明了两个极端但不同的案例背后的因果机制：阿根廷和墨西哥。根据过程追踪和精英访谈，我们认为，左翼政治意识形态而不是机构民主化和移民数量对政策自由化至关重要的原因是，拉美高管开始象征性地谈论人权和移民权利，最终促成了立法改革。
What drove an entire region in the Global South to significantly expand refugee protection in the early twenty-first century? In this paper, we test and build on political refugee theory via a mixed-methods approach to explain the liberalization of refugee legislation across Latin America. First, we use data from the new APLA Database, which measures legislative liberalization over a 30-year period, and test both general and region-specific immigration and refugee policy determinants through a series of nested Tobit and linear spatial panel-data regressions. Our models do not support some consistent predictors of policy liberalization identified by the literature such as immigrant and refugee stocks, democratization, and the number of emigrants, but they offer statistical evidence for the importance of leftist government ideology and regional integration. We then shed light on the causal mechanisms behind these correlations for two extreme but diverse cases: Argentina and Mexico. Based on process tracing and elite interviews, we suggest that the reason that leftist political ideology rather than institutional democratization and number of emigrants matters for policy liberalization is that Latin American executives embarked on symbolic human and migrant’s rights discourses that ultimately enabled legislative change.