New resource nationalism? Continuity and change in Tanzania's extractive industries
New resource nationalism? Continuity and change in Tanzania's extractive industries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exis.2018.02.001
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pedersen, Rasmus Hundsbaek
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jacob, Thabit;Pedersen, Rasmus Hundsbaek
2017年5月，坦桑尼亚总统约翰·马古富利宣布对外国矿业公司发动“经济战”，他指责这些公司耗尽了该国的矿产财富。Magufuli试图对采掘业实施更大的控制，最终在2017年7月通过了三项立法。这些新法案旨在重新获得国家对其资源的主权，首先是通过重新谈判现有合同和取消公司诉诸国际仲裁的机会。这些行动重新引发了关于资源民族主义的辩论，一些政治评论员称之为“新的资源民族主义”，据称标志着与前任政府的决裂。通过分析近年来采掘业治理的变化，本文认为，虽然与现任总统的个性和民粹主义风格有关的一些新特征可能解释了一些新的民族主义，但与前任政府的连续性更为明显。这一点可以从一再呼吁采取更严厉的财政措施、国有企业的参与以及总统直接参与交易决策中看出，所有这些都在上届政府时期已经进行得很好。更有可能的是，最近的立法反映了执政党在2010年以来竞争日益激烈的选举的推动下，更广泛的思维转变。
In May 2017, Tanzania's President John Magufuli declared 'economic warfare' on foreign mining companies, which he accused of draining the country's mineral wealth. Magufuli's attempt to exercise greater control over extractive industries culminated in the passing of three pieces of legislation in July 2017. Combined, the new acts aim to regain the loss of the country's sovereignty over its resources, first and foremost by opening the renegotiation of existing contracts and removing firms' access to international arbitration. Such actions have renewed the debate on resource nationalism, with some political commentators referring to 'a new resource nationalism', supposedly marking a break with the previous administration. By analysing changes in extractive governance in recent years, this article argues that, whereas some new features related to the current President's personality and populist style may explain some of the new nationalism, the continuities from previous administration are more pronounced. This can be seen in the repeated calls for a tougher fiscal take, involvement of state-owned enterprises and presidents' direct involvement in deal-making, all of which were already well underway under the previous administration. More likely, the recent legislation reflects a broader shift of thinking in the ruling party, spurred by increasingly competitive elections since 2010.