Spots and stripes: ecology and colour pattern evolution in butterflyfishes
Spots and stripes: ecology and colour pattern evolution in butterflyfishes
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2730
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发表时间：
2013-04-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Merilaita, Sami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley, Jennifer L.;Fitzpatrick, John L.;Merilaita, Sami
珊瑚礁鱼类令人难以置信的颜色模式多样性几个世纪以来一直吸引着生物学家。然而，尽管提出了许多解释，这种多样性的色彩，生态因素的作用，在塑造特定的颜色模式性状的演变是缺乏明确的测试。像斑点和眼点（被对比色的同心环包围的斑点）这样的图案通常被认为是通过模仿捕食者的敌人的眼睛，转移攻击或恐吓捕食者来防御捕食者的功能，但这些功能背后的进化过程从未被解决过。条纹的身体模式已被建议为社会沟通和捕食者防御服务，但生态限制的影响仍不清楚。我们进行了第一次比较分析的颜色模式多样性蝴蝶鱼（家庭：Chaetodontidae），鱼类与明显的斑点，眼点和广泛的颜色变化。使用95个物种的过时的分子遗传学（大约。75%的家庭），我们测试了斑点和眼斑是否具有与其拟议的防御功能一致的进化特征，以及斑点和身体条纹的存在是否与物种的体长，饮食复杂性，栖息地多样性或社会行为有关。与我们的预期相反，斑点和眼点出现在蝴蝶鱼进化的相对较晚的时期，并且在进化上非常不稳定，这表明它们不太可能在该群体的进化历史中发挥重要作用。条纹体模式的进化与栖息地类型、社会性和食性复杂性等生态因子相关。我们的研究结果质疑流行的观点，即眼点是捕食压力的进化反应，提供了一个有价值的反例，这些标记的作用，揭示在其他类群。
The incredible diversity of colour patterns in coral reef fishes has intrigued biologists for centuries. Yet, despite the many proposed explanations for this diversity in coloration, definitive tests of the role of ecological factors in shaping the evolution of particular colour pattern traits are absent. Patterns such as spots and eyespots (spots surrounded by concentric rings of contrasting colour) have often been assumed to function for predator defence by mimicking predators' enemies' eyes, deflecting attacks or intimidating predators, but the evolutionary processes underlying these functions have never been addressed. Striped body patterns have been suggested to serve for both social communication and predator defence, but the impact of ecological constraints remains unclear. We conducted the first comparative analysis of colour pattern diversity in butterflyfishes (Family: Chaetodontidae), fishes with conspicuous spots, eyespots and wide variation in coloration. Using a dated molecular phylogeny of 95 species (approx. 75% of the family), we tested whether spots and eyespots have evolved characteristics that are consistent with their proposed defensive function and whether the presence of spots and body stripes is linked with species' body length, dietary complexity, habitat diversity or social behaviour. Contrary to our expectations, spots and eyespots appeared relatively recently in butterflyfish evolution and are highly evolutionarily labile, suggesting that they are unlikely to have played an important part in the evolutionary history of the group. Striped body patterns showed correlated evolution with a number of ecological factors including habitat type, sociality and dietary complexity. Our findings question the prevailing view that eyespots are an evolutionary response to predation pressure, providing a valuable counter example to the role of these markings as revealed in other taxa.