Orthoglymma wangapeka gen.n., sp.n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini): a newly discovered relict from the Buller Terrane, north‐western South Island, New Zealand, corroborates a general pattern of Gondwanan endemism
Orthoglymma wangapeka gen.n., sp.n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini): a newly discovered relict from the Buller Terrane, north‐western South Island, New Zealand, corroborates a general pattern of Gondwanan endemism
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Orthoglymma wangapeka gen.n., sp.n.（鞘翅目：步甲科：Broscini）：来自新西兰南岛西北部布勒地体的新发现，证实了冈瓦纳特有现象的一般模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Roig‐Juñent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Liebherr;J. Marris;R. Emberson;P. Syrett;S. Roig‐Juñent
首页--期刊主要分类--期刊细介绍--期刊题录与文摘--期刊详细文摘内容(鞘翅目：步甲科：Broscini)被描述为适应单一模式种Orthogymma wangapeka Liebherr，Marris，Emberson，Syrett&Roig-Juñent sp.n.，已知于新西兰南岛西北部Kahurangi国家公园的Wangapeka Track。Wangapekasp.n.根据73个形态特征获得的信息，与42个其他的锦鸡儿属顶端和4个群外分类群一起进行了分支分析，并被归入分布于新西兰、南美洲南部和澳大利亚的Nothobroscina亚族的附生分类单元。根据对步甲科的化石证据，对该科的发生进行了初步研究。在Buller Terrane上，曾经位于冈瓦那东部边缘的一个地质特征，以及Orthogymma与剩余的Nothobroscina的早期分支分歧，Orthogymma wangapekasp.n。被解释为冈德瓦人的遗物。对新西兰的节肢动物区系进行了回顾，以确定在白垩纪新西兰和澳大利亚的更替时期存在的其他类群。这些候选冈瓦南分类群都是使用化石数据或基于分子差异的估计来确定的，并从生物地理上进行了分析。在存在系统发育假说的情况下，使用基于事件的扩散-替代(DIVA)分析来优化原始分布。这些假想的冈德瓦南时代的分类群显示出对构成新西兰西部，特别是南岛的冈德瓦南时代地质地体的过度忠诚。这些遗迹在假想的“渐新世溺水”事件中持续存在，是冈德瓦南遗迹集中在南岛纳尔逊、布勒和菲奥德兰地区的最简明的解释。将冈德瓦南时代分类群的地理模式与假设在白垩纪更替之后从澳大利亚和新喀里多尼亚越过塔斯曼海殖民到新西兰的分类群分布进行了比较。这些后冈德瓦时代的分类群在新西兰表现出非常不同的分布和多样化模式，包括：(1)北岛及北岛岛屿和半岛的丰富特有种；(2)地理上仅限于最年轻的Rakaia和Pahau地质地体下的区域的物种；(3)地理分布极为广泛的物种，跨越不同时代的地质地体。
Orthoglymma Liebherr, Marris, Emberson, Syrett & Roig‐Juñent gen.n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) is described to accommodate the single type species Orthoglymma wangapeka Liebherr, Marris, Emberson, Syrett & Roig‐Juñent sp.n., known from the Wangapeka Track, Kahurangi National Park, north‐western South Island, New Zealand. Orthoglymma wangapekasp.n. is analysed cladistically along with a comprehensive array of 42 other broscine generic terminals and four out‐group taxa, using information obtained from 73 morphological characters, and placed as adelphotaxon to the remainder of subtribe Nothobroscina, a clade distributed in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Based on fossil evidence for Carabidae, the occurrence of Orthoglymma wangapekasp.n. on the Buller Terrane, a geological feature once situated on the eastern margin of Gondwana, and early cladistic divergence of Orthoglymma from the remaining Nothobroscina, Orthoglymma wangapekasp.n. is interpreted as a Gondwanan relict. The New Zealand arthropod fauna is reviewed to identify other taxa in existence at the time of Cretaceous vicariance of New Zealand and Australia. These candidate Gondwanan taxa, all of which are specified using fossil data or molecular divergence‐based estimates, are analysed biogeographically. Where phylogenetic hypotheses are available, primordial distributions are optimized using event‐based, dispersal‐vicariance (DIVA) analysis. The hypothesized Gondwanan‐aged taxa demonstrate inordinate fidelity to the Gondwanan‐aged geological terranes that constitute the western portions of New Zealand, especially in the South Island. Persistence of these relicts through a hypothesized ‘Oligocene drowning’ event is the most parsimonious explanation for the concentration of Gondwanan relicts in the Nelson, Buller and Fiordland districts of the South Island. Geographic patterns of Gondwanan‐aged taxa are compared with distributions of taxa hypothesized to have colonized New Zealand across the Tasman Sea from Australia and New Caledonia, subsequent to Cretaceous vicariance. These post‐Gondwanan taxa exhibit very different patterns of distribution and diversification in New Zealand, including: (i) abundant endemism in Northland, and the islands and peninsulas of the North Island; (ii) species geographically restricted to areas underlain by the youngest Rakaia and Pahau geological terranes; and (iii) species exhibiting exceedingly widespread geographic distributions spanning geological terranes of disparate ages.