Joint Optimization of Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fleet Operations and Charging Station Siting
Joint Optimization of Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fleet Operations and Charging Station Siting
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DOI：
10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9565089
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Luke;Mauro Salazar;R. Rajagopal;M. Pavone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Luke;Mauro Salazar;R. Rajagopal;M. Pavone
充电基础设施是连接电力和交通网络的纽带，充电站选址是电力和交通系统规划的重要内容。虽然以前的作品，无论是优化充电站选址给定的历史旅行行为，或优化车队路线和充电给定一个假设的位置的车站，本文介绍了一个线性规划，优化站选址和宏观车队运营的联合方式。在给定电力零售费率和一组出行需求请求的情况下，优化最小化自主EV车队的总成本，包括出行成本、车站采购成本、车队采购成本和电力成本，包括需求费用。具体地，优化返回针对每个充电速率的充电插头的数量（例如，2级，直流快速充电），以及车队的最佳路线和充电。从在旧金山弗朗西斯科运营的电动汽车车队的案例研究中，我们的研究结果表明，尽管有里程限制，但采购成本低、能源效率高的小型电动汽车在总拥有成本方面是最具成本效益的。此外，充电站的最佳选址在空间上比目前的选址更分散，主要由高功率2级交流站（16.8千瓦）组成，直流快速充电站占一小部分，没有标准的7.7千瓦2级站。最佳选址可将总成本、空车行驶和高峰充电负荷降低高达10%。
Charging infrastructure is the coupling link between power and transportation networks, thus determining charging station siting is necessary for planning of power and transportation systems. While previous works have either optimized for charging station siting given historic travel behavior, or optimized fleet routing and charging given an assumed placement of the stations, this paper introduces a linear program that optimizes for station siting and macroscopic fleet operations in a joint fashion. Given an electricity retail rate and a set of travel demand requests, the optimization minimizes total cost for an autonomous EV fleet comprising of travel costs, station procurement costs, fleet procurement costs, and electricity costs, including demand charges. Specifically, the optimization returns the number of charging plugs for each charging rate (e.g., Level 2, DC fast charging) at each candidate location, as well as the optimal routing and charging of the fleet. From a case-study of an electric vehicle fleet operating in San Francisco, our results show that, albeit with range limitations, small EVs with low procurement costs and high energy efficiencies are the most cost-effective in terms of total ownership costs. Furthermore, the optimal siting of charging stations is more spatially distributed than the current siting of stations, consisting mainly of high-power Level 2 AC stations (16.8 kW) with a small share of DC fast charging stations and no standard 7.7kW Level 2 stations. Optimal siting reduces the total costs, empty vehicle travel, and peak charging load by up to 10%.