Foraging and oviposition decisions in the parasitoid Aphytis lingnanensis : distinguishing the influences of egg load and experience
Foraging and oviposition decisions in the parasitoid Aphytis lingnanensis : distinguishing the influences of egg load and experience
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DOI：
10.2307/5419
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发表时间：
1991-10
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
J. Rosenheim;D. Rosen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rosenheim;D. Rosen
(1)我们使用了一个实验方案，该方案允许我们区分卵负荷和与宿主接触的经验对群居寄生蜂觅食行为和窝卵大小决定的相对影响。在没有经验变化的情况下，通过利用与受精率相关的繁殖力变化和通过在不同温度下持有寄生蜂来改变产卵率，来控制产卵量。(2)卵负荷影响寻找行为的强度。产卵量较小的寄生蜂在觅食场所内需要更多时间才能发现宿主。(3)产卵量较小的寄生蜂和有过寄主接触经历的寄生蜂交配的卵量较小。(4)寄主处理时间与寄生蜂产卵量呈负相关。增加的产卵量对寄主处理的每个组成部分都有类似的加速影响，包括产卵准备、产卵和产卵后梳理和休息。(5)寄生蜂卵对成虫发育的成功概率与窝卵大小无关。然而，后代的大小随着竞争同胞数量的增加而减少。(6)灵芝卵子大小的决定不符合觅食者最大化每卵、每宿主或每单位时间所获得的适合度的静态期望。相反，卵子大小的决定似乎从根本上是动态的，对寄生蜂生理(产卵量)和寄生蜂对宿主可获得性的感知(经验)的变化做出反应。
(1) We used an experimental protocol that allowed us to distinguish the relative influences of egg load and experience with host contact on foraging behaviour and clutch size decisions in the gregarious parasitoid Aphytis lingnanensis Compere. Egg load was manipulated without concurrent changes in experience by exploiting sizerelated variation in fecundity and by holding parasitoids at different temperatures to vary the rate of egg production. (2) Egg load influenced the intensity of searching behaviour. Parasitoids with smaller egg loads required more time within a foraging arena to discover hosts. (3) Parasitoids with smaller egg loads and parasitoids with a prior experience with host contact deposited smaller clutches. (4) Total host handling time was inversely related to parasitoid egg load. Increased egg load had a similar accelerating influence on each of the component activities that comprise host handling, including preparation for oviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition grooming and resting. (5) The probability of successful parasitoid egg to adult development was independent of clutch size. Progeny size, however, decreased with increasing number of competing sibs. (6) A. lingnanensis clutch size decisions do not conform to the static expectations of a forager maximizing the fitness gained per egg, per host, or per unit time. Rather, clutch size decisions appeared to be fundamentally dynamic, responding to changes in parasitoid physiology (egg load) and the parasitoid's perception of host availability (experience).