Geochemical and geochronological analysis of Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia: An example of plume related intraplate magmatism

Geochemical and geochronological analysis of Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia: An example of plume related intraplate magmatism
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沙特阿拉伯哈拉特拉哈特的地球化学和地质年代学分析:与板内岩浆作用相关的羽流实例

DOI:
10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107112
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Ball P
Ball P
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ball P

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哈拉特拉哈特火山是沙特阿拉伯最大的火山区,从2010年至今一直活跃。由于其靠近人口中心,最近在哈拉特拉哈特爆发-麦地那熔岩流(< 1.7 Ma)-已被广泛研究,以确定火山风险。然而,哈拉特拉哈特最广泛和最古老的熔岩流,统称为Shawahit玄武岩(> 2.5 Ma)的演化却知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们收集,日期和地球化学分析熔岩从Harrat Rahat,主要针对采样不足的Shawahit单位。我们得到的日期之间的9.4和2.7马使用40 Ar/39 Ar分析23 Shawahit样品。在哈拉特·拉哈特的一生中,我们观察到一个地球化学的过渡,从主要是亚碱性喷发加上一个反直觉的不相容元素浓度的减少。我们将这些变化归因于熔体生产率的降低和富集岩石圈熔体污染的减少。对Harrat Rahat玄武岩的热压分析表明,它们是由软流圈地幔熔融而成,岩石圈之下的位温为1456-32+ 50° C,厚度为50-60 km。这些结果表明,火山活动在Harrat拉哈特开始的到来,岩石圈下的地幔柱变薄的组合裂谷的红海和热侵蚀。此外,我们建议,这个羽流,单独或与其他羽流的数量相结合,是负责阿拉伯隆起的形成,以及大部分的新生代最近的板内火山活动观察到整个阿拉伯半岛西部。我们的结论与广泛的地球化学、地震学、重力学、热年代学和地貌学观测结果相一致。
Harrat Rahat is the largest volcanic field in Saudi Arabia and has been active from∼ 10 Ma to the present day. Due to its proximity to population centers, recent eruptions at Harrat Rahat—the Medinah lava flows (< 1.7 Ma)—have been extensively studied to identify volcanic risk. However, evolution of Harrat Rahat’s most extensive and oldest lava flows, known collectively as the Shawahit Basalt (> 2.5 Ma), is poorly understood. In this study, we collected, dated and geochemically analyzed lavas from Harrat Rahat, primarily targeting the under-sampled Shawahit unit. We obtained dates of between 9.4 and 2.7 Ma using 40 Ar/39 Ar analyses of 23 Shawahit samples. Over the lifetime of Harrat Rahat, we observe a geochemical transition from predominantly subalkalic to alkalic eruptions coupled with a counter-intuitive decrease in incompatible element concentrations. We attribute these changes to a decrease in melt productivity and a reduction in contamination by enriched lithospheric melts, respectively. Thermobarometric analysis of basalts from Harrat Rahat indicates that they were generated by melting of asthenospheric mantle with a potential temperature of∼ 1456-32+ 50° C beneath lithosphere that is 50–60 km thick. These results indicate that volcanic activity at Harrat Rahat was initiated by the arrival of a mantle plume beneath lithosphere thinned by a combination of rifting of the Red Sea and thermal erosion. Furthermore, we propose that this plume, either acting alone or in combination with a number of other plumes, is responsible for the formation of the Arabian swell, as well as much of the Neogene-recent intraplate volcanic activity observed across western Arabia. Our conclusions are consistent with a wide range of geochemical, seismologic, gravimetric, thermochronologic and geomorphic observations.
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