Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas
Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas
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DOI：
10.1038/s41558-022-01323-7
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发表时间：
2022-04-04
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Richardson, Anthony J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brito-Morales, Isaac;Schoeman, David S.;Richardson, Anthony J.
保护海洋免受日益严重的威胁需要发展公海海洋保护区网络。一种优化生物多样性、最大限度地减少气候变化风险和减少渔业冲突的方法可以确定低遗憾气候智能型保护区。海洋物种正在迅速应对气候变暖，通常朝着不同的方向移动，并根据位置和深度而变化。考虑到目前将海洋保护区面积增加到30%的动力，保护规划必须包括国家管辖范围以外的64%的海洋，这反过来又需要解决传统保护的相关设计挑战。在这里，我们提出了一个公海规划方法，保护生物多样性，最大限度地减少气候变化的影响，将物种保留在保护区边界内，并减少与捕鱼的冲突。这是使用来自四个深度域的数据开发的，考虑了12，932种脊椎动物，无脊椎动物和藻类物种以及三种气候情景。由此产生的气候智能型保护区覆盖了6%的公海，是一种低遗憾的选择，为建立一个完整的公海海洋保护区网络提供了核心。
Protecting the ocean from increasing threats requires the development of high-seas marine reserve networks. An approach that optimizes biodiversity, minimizes climate change exposure and reduces fisheries conflict enables low-regret climate-smart conservation areas to be identified.Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the area of protected ocean to 30%, conservation planning must include the 64% of the ocean beyond national jurisdictions, which in turn requires associated design challenges for conventional conservation to be addressed. Here we present a planning approach for the high seas that conserves biodiversity, minimizes exposure to climate change, retains species within reserve boundaries and reduces conflict with fishing. This is developed using data from across four depth domains, considering 12,932 vertebrate, invertebrate and algal species and three climate scenarios. The resultant climate-smart conservation areas cover 6% of the high seas and represent a low-regret option that provides a nucleus for developing a full network of high-seas marine reserves.