How much does the host matter to the parasitoid? Distribution of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species amongst two locally co-occurring gall-inducing hosts in the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
How much does the host matter to the parasitoid? Distribution of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species amongst two locally co-occurring gall-inducing hosts in the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
复制标题
寄主对寄生蜂有多重要？
作者：
Jamie MacEwen;N. Earley;R. Lalonde
摘要 Diplolepis Geoffroy 属的瘿蜂（膜翅目：Cynipidae）会攻击加拿大本土和引进的玫瑰品种。尽管瘿蜂的形式多种多样，但瘿蜂是由寄生蜂和瘿蜂的高度一致的复合体寄生的。许多种类的瘿蜂攻击相同的寄主植物，并在季节的相同时期发育，这表明机会性寄生蜂可能会利用一系列寄主而不是专门化。我们从 D. variabilis (Bassett) 和 D. rosaefolii (Cockerell) 的虫瘿中取样了 Eurytoma Illiger（膜翅目：Cynipidae）的幼虫，这两种虫瘿诱导物在生长季节后期在 Rosa woodsii Lindl 的叶子上相当同步地发育。 （蔷薇科）产于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省中部的奥肯那根山谷。从山谷北端到加拿大-美国边境，沿 100 公里的距离，在五个不同地点对虫瘿进行了采样。我们提取了 DNA，然后对每个广蝽幼虫的细胞色素 b 片段进行扩增和测序。我们确定了两个得到良好支持的进化枝，它们既不因采样位置也不因宿主而区分。相反，这些地方至少存在两种广蝽属，即 E. imminuta Bugbee 和 E. longavena Bugbee，并且两者都利用在这些地点发现的至少两种 Diplolepis 宿主。
Abstract Gall wasps in the cynipid genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) attack various species of native and introduced roses in Canada. Although gall forms are diverse, gall wasps are parasitised by highly concordant complexes of parasitoids and inquilines. Many species of gall wasps attack the same host plants and develop over the same periods in the season, suggesting that opportunistic parasitoids may be exploiting a range of hosts rather than specialising. We sampled larvae of Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from galls of D. variabilis (Bassett) and D. rosaefolii (Cockerell), gall inducers that develop fairly synchronously late in the growing season on leaves of Rosa woodsii Lindl. (Rosaceae) in the Okanagan Valley of central British Columbia, Canada. Galls were sampled at five different sites along a gradient from the north end of the valley to the Canada–United States border, a distance of 100 km. We extracted DNA, then amplified and sequenced the cytochrome b segment for each Eurytoma larva. We identified two well-supported clades that were differentiated by neither sampling location nor host. Instead, at least two species of Eurytoma, E. imminuta Bugbee and E. longavena Bugbee, exist at these localities, and both exploit at least two of the Diplolepis hosts found at these sites.