Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process
Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbior.2016.05.001
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Drablos, Finn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bahrami, Shahram;Drablos, Finn
立即早期基因（IEGs）可以在刺激后几分钟内被激活和转录，而不需要从头蛋白质合成，并且它们响应于细胞外在和细胞内在信号而被刺激。细胞外信号通过受体从细胞表面转导，所述受体活化细胞中的蛋白质链，特别是细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）和RhoA-肌动蛋白途径的成员。这些通过向相邻蛋白质添加磷酸基团的信号级联进行通信，这最终将激活并将TF转移到细胞核，从而诱导基因表达。基因激活还涉及与启动子相互作用以模拟基因表达的近端和远端增强子。即刻早期基因具有重要的生物学作用，特别是在应激反应中，如免疫系统和分化中。因此，它们在各种疾病中也起着重要作用，包括癌症的发展。本文就即刻早期基因的激活和调控的一些关键方面的最新进展进行综述。(C)2016作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Immediate-early genes (IEGs) can be activated and transcribed within minutes after stimulation, without the need for de novo protein synthesis, and they are stimulated in response to both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. Extracellular signals are transduced from the cell surface, through receptors activating a chain of proteins in the cell, in particular extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and members of the RhoA-actin pathway. These communicate through a signaling cascade by adding phosphate groups to neighboring proteins, and this will eventually activate and translocate TFs to the nucleus and thereby induce gene expression. The gene activation also involves proximal and distal enhancers that interact with promoters to simulate gene expression. The immediate-early genes have essential biological roles, in particular in stress response, like the immune system, and in differentiation. Therefore they also have important roles in various diseases, including cancer development. In this paper we summarize some recent advances on key aspects of the activation and regulation of immediate-early genes. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.