Expletive there in West Germanic
Expletive there in West Germanic
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西日耳曼语中的咒骂语
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Caitlin J. Light
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作者：
Caitlin J. Light
主语地位在德语中的地位一直是一些争论的来源。1例如，一些研究(Biberauer，2004；Richards和Biberauer，2005)认为，时态结尾的日耳曼语在传统意义上没有EPP要求。没有咒骂语出现在主语位置(相对于Spec，CP)似乎支持了Spec，TP在德语等语言中没有特殊地位的论点。本文将对这样的分析提出异议。首先，我将展示在德语的历史阶段，我们看到了专门授权填充Spec，TP的主语咒骂语的证据。当逻辑主语没有移到Spec，Tp时，这个咒骂词，在早期的新高德语(ENHG)中，da被合并，留下位置空白。这支持了德语对EPP的传统分析。此外，咒骂语da的存在支持了德语从句结构中有两个(非话题)主语位置的论点(参见。Haeberli，1999、2000、2005)。在论文的第二部分，我将介绍一个对古英语(OE)的更具思考性的研究，该研究提出，在中世纪英语时期，当表象/存在句的使用开始上升(Williams，2000)之前，Towaær就可以用作咒骂语。我将提出ENHG和OE中的事实之间的联系，在此基础上，我认为传统的EPP在时尾日耳曼语中是活跃的。
The status of the subject position in German has been the source of some debate.1 For example, some studies (Biberauer, 2004; Richards and Biberauer, 2005) have argued that Tense-final Germanic languages do not have an EPP requirement in the traditional sense. The absence of an expletive that occurs in the subject position (as opposed to Spec,CP) seems to support the argument that Spec,TP has no special status in languages like German. This paper will argue against such analyses. First, I will show that in historical stages of German, we see evidence of a subject expletive licensed specifically to fill Spec,TP. This expletive, da in Early New High German (ENHG), is merged when the logical subject does not move to Spec,TP, leaving the position empty. This supports a traditional analysis of the EPP in German. Furthermore, the existence of expletive da lends support to the argument that two (non-topic) subject positions are available in the German clause structure (cf. Haeberli, 1999, 2000, 2005). In the second section of the paper, I will present a more speculative study of Old English (OE), which proposes that þær was available as an expletive before the Middle English period, when the use of presentational/existential there began to rise (Williams, 2000). I will propose a link between the facts in ENHG and OE, based on which I argue that the traditional EPP is active in Tense-final Germanic languages.