The Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata is an r strategist
The Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata is an r strategist
复制标题
红海珊瑚 Stylophora pistillata 是一位战略家
作者：
Y. Loya
麦克阿瑟和威尔逊创造了r选择和K选择这两个术语来描述他们认为在自然界中可能起作用的两种一般选择（K指承载能力，r指最大内在自然增长率，rm）。正如最初定义的那样，r和K选择的概念假设一个物种内的替代基因型具有某种程度上不同的生活史特征：具有高rm的基因型被认为具有相对较低的K，反之亦然。因此，r选择发生在没有拥挤的波动环境中，增加种群规模更重要。K选择发生在稳定的环境中，当种群规模总是接近最大值时，需要提高资源利用效率以产生少数但非常适合的后代。Pianka 2将这些概念扩展到包括不同物种个体的比较。他假设没有一个生物体是完全的r选择或完全的K选择，但所有生物体都必须在两个极端之间达成某种妥协。因此，给定的物种可以沿着r-K连续体可视化，并通过一组r和K特征来识别2。
MACARTHUR and Wilson1 coined the terms r selection and K selection to describe two general kinds of selection they believed could be functioning in nature (K refers to carrying capacity and r to maximal intrinsic rate of natural increase, rm). As originally defined, the r and K selection concepts postulated that alternative genotypes within a species possessed somewhat divergent life history characteristics : genotypes with a high rm were suggested to have a relatively low K and vice versa1. Thus, r selection occurs in a fluctuating environment when there is no crowding and it is more important to increase the size of the population. K selection occurs in stable environments when population size is always near the maximum and increasing efficiency in resource use is required for the production of a few but extremely fit offspring. Pianka2 extended these concepts to include comparisons of individuals of different species. He postulated that no organism is completely r selected or completely K selected, but all must reach some compromise between the two extremes. Thus, a given species could be visualised along an r–K continuum and identified by a set of r and K characteristics2.