Drawing Closer to Europe New Modes of Governance and Accession
Drawing Closer to Europe New Modes of Governance and Accession
复制标题
向欧洲靠拢新的治理和入盟模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tanja A. Börzel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tanja A. Börzel
自冷战结束以来，欧盟一直试图通过鼓励前共产主义国家转变为完全成熟的西方式民主国家和巩固的市场经济来稳定这些国家（Vachudova 2005; Grabbe 2006）。加入欧盟的前景为欧盟提供了一个强有力的工具，可以塑造其政治和经济转型的道路。然而，对于那些渴望成为欧盟成员国的国家来说，加入欧盟似乎既是一种祝福，也是一种诅咒。一方面，既有成果的实施有助于它们从国家控制经济的专制政权转变为市场经济的自由民主国家。另一方面，加入国在调整其经济和政治机构以满足加入欧盟的条件方面面临巨大困难。欧盟法律的采纳和调整遇到了严重的问题，涉及欧盟政策的有效性和合法性。由于这些国家是“弱国”，往往缺乏吸收能力，而不是愿意有效地执行欧盟政策，加入问题不能简单地解决在“阴影的等级”（命令和控制）。
Since the end of the Cold War, the EU has sought to stabilize the former Communist countries by encouraging them to transform into fully fledged Western style democracies and consolidated market economies (Vachudova 2005; Grabbe 2006). The prospect of membership provided the EU with a powerful tool to shape the path of their political and economic transition. Yet accession appears to have been both a blessing and a curse for countries aspiring to become members of the EU. On the one hand, the implementation of the acquis supports their transformation from authoritarian regimes with state-controlled economies into liberal democracies with market economies. On the other hand, accession countries face great difficulties in restructuring their economic and political institutions in order to meet the conditions for EU membership. The adoption of, and adaptation to, the acquis ran into serious problems concerning both the effectiveness and the legitimacy of EU policies. Since these countries are ‘weak’ states that often lack the absorption capacity rather than the willingness to effectively implement EU policies, accession problems cannot simply be solved in the ‘shadow of hierarchy’ (command and control).