Post-2020 biodiversity framework challenged by cropland expansion in protected areas
Post-2020 biodiversity framework challenged by cropland expansion in protected areas
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-023-01093-w
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Z. Meng;Jinwei Dong;Erle C. Ellis;G. Metternicht;Yuanwei Qin;Xiao-Peng Song;Sara Löfqvist;R. Garrett;Xiaopeng Jia;Xiangming Xiao
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文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Meng;Jinwei Dong;Erle C. Ellis;G. Metternicht;Yuanwei Qin;Xiao-Peng Song;Sara Löfqvist;R. Garrett;Xiaopeng Jia;Xiangming Xiao
保护区对生物多样性保护至关重要，但受到耕地扩张的威胁。最近的研究仅报告了1990年至2005年期间大型保护区的全球耕地扩张情况。然而，自2000年代以来，全球保护区（包括相对较小的保护区）的耕地扩张量尚不清楚。使用30米农田地图，我们发现，与全球农田相比，保护区的农田扩张从2000年到2019年急剧加速。分布区的扩展主要集中在大型保护区、不太严格的保护区和非洲热带保护区，这也与较高的物种灭绝风险相匹配。由于更大的威胁，如更高的背景农田扩张率，这种保护区似乎不太有效。值得注意的是，一些具有最高保护水平的保护区未能阻止农田扩张。保护区耕地动态的这一新情况表明，耕地扩张是一个持续的棘手的全球保护挑战，将影响2020年后全球生物多样性框架的愿望。
Protected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation but are threatened by cropland expansion. Recent studies have only reported global cropland expansion in large PAs between 1990 and 2005. However, the amount of cropland expansion in global PAs (including relatively small PAs) since the 2000s is unclear. Using 30-m cropland maps, we find that the cropland expansion in PAs accelerated dramatically from 2000 to 2019, compared with that of global croplands. The areal expansion was mainly in large PAs, less-strict PAs and Afrotropical PAs, which also matches the higher species extinction risks. Such PAs appear to be less effective due to greater threats, such as higher background cropland expansion rate. Notably, some PAs with the highest conservation levels failed to prevent cropland expansion. This new picture of cropland dynamics in PAs illustrates that cropland expansion is an ongoing intractable global conservation challenge that will impinge on the aspirations of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.