Spearman's g: Links Between Psychometrics and Biology
Spearman's g: Links Between Psychometrics and Biology
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斯皮尔曼的 g：心理测量学和生物学之间的联系
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
A. Jensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Jensen
从简单反应时间到抽象推理的各种心理能力测试的个体差异在人群中都是正相关的。所有这些检验之间的总协方差可以被分析成许多不相关的方差分量或因子，就其一般性而言，这些分量或因子是分层的，最一般的因子或g位于顶点。这个g因素对每种类型的认知表现都是共同的，无论其他能力因素可能涉及（例如，语言的、空间的、数字的、音乐的等等），并且是大多数测试实际有效性的关键因素。它与各种测试的遗传力，近交衰退，杂种优势，平均诱发电位，脑代谢和许多其他物理相关性的相关性表明，作为进化的产物，它与许多器官变量深深地交织在一起。一种基于经验证据的理论将g与涉及信息处理速度和效率的神经过程联系起来。
Individual differences with respect to diverse tests of mental abilities that range in complexity from simple reaction time to abstract reasoning are all positively correlated in the population. The total covariance among all such tests can be analyzed into a number of uncorrelated components of variance, or factors, that, in terms of their generality, are hierarchical, with the most general factor, or g, at the apex. This g factor is common to every type of cognitive performance, whatever other ability factors may be involved (e.g., verbal, spatial, numerical, musical, etc.), and is the crucial factor in most tests' practical validity. Its correlations with various tests' heritability, inbreeding depression, heterosis, average evoked potentials, brain metabolism, and many other physical correlates indicate that as a product of evolution it is profoundly enmeshed with many organismic variables. A theory based on empirical evidence links g to neural processes involved in the speed and efficiency of information processing.