The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.
The Effectiveness of Urban Design and Land Use and Transport Policies and Practices to Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s55
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Ramsey, Leigh T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heath, Gregory W;Brownson, Ross C;Ramsey, Leigh T
背景技术背景：虽然一些环境和政策干预措施，以促进身体活动被广泛使用，有稀疏的最有效的方法来指导人口范围的interventions.METHODS：我们回顾了研究，解决了以下环境和政策策略，以促进身体活动：社区规模的城市设计和土地利用政策和做法，以增加身体活动;街道规模的城市设计和土地使用政策，以增加体育活动;以及交通和旅行政策和做法。这些系统评价是基于社区预防服务独立工作组的方法。暴露变量根据每项研究中存在的基础设施/政策类型进行分类。身体活动行为的措施被用来评估effectiveness.RESULTS：两种干预措施是有效的，促进身体活动（社区规模和街道规模的城市设计和土地利用政策和做法）。为这些干预措施提供了关于适用性、其他影响和实施障碍的更多信息。证据不足，以评估交通政策和做法，以促进身体activity.CONCLUSIONS：由于社区和街道规模的城市设计和土地利用的政策和做法符合社区指南标准是有效的身体活动干预措施，实施这些政策和做法在社区一级应该是公共卫生从业人员和社区决策者的优先事项。
BACKGROUND: Although a number of environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity are being widely used, there is sparse systematic information on the most effective approaches to guide population-wide interventions.METHODS: We reviewed studies that addressed the following environmental and policy strategies to promote physical activity: community-scale urban design and land use policies and practices to increase physical activity; street-scale urban design and land use policies to increase physical activity; and transportation and travel policies and practices. These systematic reviews were based on the methods of the independent Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Exposure variables were classified according to the types of infrastructures/policies present in each study. Measures of physical activity behavior were used to assess effectiveness.RESULTS: Two interventions were effective in promoting physical activity (community-scale and street-scale urban design and land use policies and practices). Additional information about applicability, other effects, and barriers to implementation are provided for these interventions. Evidence is insufficient to assess transportation policy and practices to promote physical activity.CONCLUSIONS: Because community- and street-scale urban design and land-use policies and practices met the Community Guide criteria for being effective physical activity interventions, implementing these policies and practices at the community-level should be a priority of public health practitioners and community decision makers.