Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms
Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03049.x
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Martinez-Zapater, J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arroyo-Garcia, R.;Ruiz-Garcia, L.;Martinez-Zapater, J. M.
欧亚葡萄（Vitis vinifera ssp）的驯化。sativa)从其野生祖先(Vitis vinifera ssp。sylvestris)一直被认为发生在外高加索，在那里发现了其最大的遗传多样性，并且在那里发现了非常早期的考古证据，包括葡萄核和“葡萄酒文化”的人工制品。无论是来自外高加索还是附近的金牛座或扎格罗斯山脉，人们假设这种葡萄酒文化向南传播，并最终在地中海盆地向西传播，同时移植了栽培的葡萄插枝。然而，欧亚葡萄现代分布东端和西端栽培品种之间存在形态差异，表明存在不同的遗传贡献，来自当地的西芹种群或多地选择和驯化的西芹基因型。为了解决这一问题，我们分析了在整个物种分布区的1201份西洋菜和sativa基因型样品的氯型变异和分布，并研究了它们的亲缘关系。结果表明，栽培种质至少有两个重要的起源，一个在近东，另一个在西地中海地区，后者产生了许多目前的西欧品种。事实上，超过70%的伊比利亚半岛品种显示出的叶绿体只与它们从西部西尔维斯特种群中衍生出来的叶绿体相容。
The domestication of the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in Transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. Whether from Transcaucasia or the nearby Taurus or Zagros Mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwards around the Mediterranean basin, together with the transplantation of cultivated grape cuttings. However, the existence of morphological differentiation between cultivars from eastern and western ends of the modern distribution of the Eurasian grape suggests the existence of different genetic contribution from local sylvestris populations or multilocal selection and domestication of sylvestris genotypes. To tackle this issue, we analysed chlorotype variation and distribution in 1201 samples of sylvestris and sativa genotypes from the whole area of the species' distribution and studied their genetic relationships. The results suggest the existence of at least two important origins for the cultivated germplasm, one in the Near East and another in the western Mediterranean region, the latter of which gave rise to many of the current Western European cultivars. Indeed, over 70% of the Iberian Peninsula cultivars display chlorotypes that are only compatible with their having derived from western sylvestris populations.