THE TOLERANCE OF WHEAT TO HIGH-TEMPERATURES DURING REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH .3. BOOTING TO ANTHESIS
THE TOLERANCE OF WHEAT TO HIGH-TEMPERATURES DURING REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH .3. BOOTING TO ANTHESIS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1071/ar9890965
复制
发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
WARDLAW, IF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DAWSON, IA;WARDLAW, IF
在堪培拉人工气候室的自然光照的温室中，以18/13 ℃的标准日/夜温度制度种植一系列澳大利亚和海外小麦栽培品种。C.将在这些标准条件下的每主秆穗的粒数与当植物组转移到高温（24/19 ℃）下时获得的响应进行比较。C，或30/25 °。C）从旗叶叶舌到抽穗（孕穗）或从抽穗到开花结束（授粉和受精）的时期。一些澳大利亚品系如Isis和Hybrid Titan在孕穗期耐高温，而另一些品系如Pinnacle和Aphic在孕穗期对高温表现出明显的敏感性。来自中东和热带地区的品种通常比来自北美和欧洲等地区的品种更耐高温，而澳大利亚品系的反应介于两者之间。与Pinnacle品种，它表明，至少部分的较低的育性与高温孕穗有关的花粉发育不良。在穗发育的早期开始高温处理并持续高温处理直到穗出现导致来自阿富汗的栽培品种H757的适应，其显示出高于短高温孕穗处理的谷粒结实的增加。然而，这与品种银行的反应时，延长的高温处理导致进一步减少，而不是增加粒集。结果表明，Condor近等基因系中存在黑麦抗锈易位（1B/1 R），导致其对高温的敏感性降低。这将表明，黑麦等物种应更密切地检查其对环境压力的敏感性。仅在开花期暴露于高温通常对籽粒结实有小的影响。有些品种表现出增加的粒集，而另一些则表现出下降。这种变化的一部分可能与高温条件下高湿度（v.p.d6.7 mb）会减少谷粒沉降的发现有关。然而，考虑到澳大利亚温度和湿度之间的正常关系，这种影响可能仅限于温室条件。
A range of Australian and overseas wheat cultivars was grown in the naturally lighted glasshouse of the Canberra phytotron, with a standard day/night temperature regime of 18/13.degree. C. Grain number per main culm ear under these standard conditions was compared with the response obtained when sets of plants were transferred to high temperature (24/19.degree. C, or 30/25.degree. C) over the period from flag leaf ligule to ear emergence (booting), or from ear emergence to the end of anthesis (pollination and fertilization). Some Australian lines such as Isis and Hybrid Titan were tolerant of high temperature at booting, while others such as Pinnacle and Olymphic showed a marked sensitivity to high temperature at this stage. Cultivars from the Middle East and tropical areas were generally more tolerant of high temperature at booting than cultivars from regions such as North America and Europe, while the Australian lines were intermediate in their response. With the cultivar Pinnacle, it was shown that at least part of the lower fertility associated with high temperature at booting was related to poor pollen development. Commencing the high temperature treatment earlier in the development of the ear and continuing this until ear emergence resulted in adaptation in the cultivar H757 from Afghanistan, which showed an increase in grain set above that of the short high temperature booting treatment. However, this contrasted with the response of the cultivar Banks when the extended high temperature treatment resulted in a further reduction, not an increase in grain set. It was shown that the presence of the rye translocation for rust resistance (1B/1R) in near isogenic lines of Condor resulted in reduced sensitivity to high temperature. This would suggest that species such as rye should be examined more closely for their sensitivity to environmental stress. Exposure to high temperature only during anthesis generally had a small effect on grain set. Some cultivars showed an increase in grain set, whereas others showed a decrease. Part of this variation may be related to the finding that under high temperature conditions, high humidity (v.p.d 6.7 mb) could reduce grain set. However, given the normal relation between temperature and humidity in Australia, this effect is likely to be limited to glasshouse conditions.