Phylogenetic diversity and ecophysiology of Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria in activated sludge
Phylogenetic diversity and ecophysiology of Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria in activated sludge
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiw078
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Nielsen, Jeppe Lund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kindaichi, Tomonori;Yamaoka, Shiro;Nielsen, Jeppe Lund
Saccharomyces细菌（原TM 7）在自然界中广泛存在，但对其生理生态学和详细的发育过程知之甚少。本研究采用全循环16 S rRNA技术，结合显微放射自显影（MAR）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，对日本和丹麦的9个污水处理厂活性污泥中的Saccharomyces细菌的发生、形态和生理生态进行了研究。系统发育分析表明，Saccharomyces细菌从所有污水处理厂均匀分布在细分1和3，并在一个独特的系统发育分支。三个探针被设计为不同的saccharibacterium组，并揭示了代表细丝，粗丝和杆/球菌的形态型。MAR-FISH结果表明，大多数探针定义的酵母菌利用葡萄糖在好氧，硝酸盐还原和厌氧条件下。一些Saccharomyces细菌还利用N-乙酰葡糖胺、油酸、氨基酸和丁酸盐，这是迄今为止从可用的基因组中没有预测到的。此外，一些丝状Saccharomyces细菌表现出β-半乳糖苷酶和脂肪酶的活性测定使用酶标记荧光和FISH（ELF-FISH）的组合。未观察到乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、甘油和乙醇的摄取。这些结果表明，酵母菌是一个遗传多样性的群体，并在有氧，硝酸盐还原和厌氧条件下的各种有机化合物以及糖化合物的降解中发挥作用。
Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria (former TM7) are abundant and widespread in nature, but little is known about their ecophysiology and detailed phylogeny. In this study phylogeny, morphology and ecophysiology of Saccharibacteria were investigated in activated sludge from nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Japan and Denmark using the full-cycle 16S rRNA approach in combination with microautoradiography (MAR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Saccharibacteria from all WWTPs were evenly distributed within subdivision 1 and 3 and in a distinct phylogenetic clade. Three probes were designed for the distinct saccharibacterial groups, and revealed morphotypes representing thin filaments, thick filaments and rods/cocci. MAR-FISH results showed that most probe-defined Saccharibacteria utilized glucose under aerobic-, nitrate reducing-and anaerobic conditions. Some Saccharibacteria also utilized N-acetylglucosamine, oleic acid, amino acids and butyrate, which are not predicted from available genomes so far. In addition, some filamentous Saccharibacteria exhibited beta-galactosidase and lipase activities determined using a combination of enzyme-labeled fluorescence and FISH (ELF-FISH). No uptake of acetate, propionate, pyruvate, glycerol and ethanol was observed. These results indicate that Saccharibacteria is a phylogenetically diverse group and play a role in the degradation of various organic compounds as well as sugar compounds under aerobic-, nitrate reducing-and anaerobic conditions.