Effect of soil and water conservation measures on the reduction of runoff and sediment load in a loess hilly-gully region
Effect of soil and water conservation measures on the reduction of runoff and sediment load in a loess hilly-gully region
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DOI：
10.2489/jswc.2021.00203
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Y. Zhao;X. Yin;X. Zhang;B. Liu;Z. Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Zhao;X. Yin;X. Zhang;B. Liu;Z. Wang
水土保持是黄土高原水土保持的重要措施。由于正在实施大规模的生态环境治理方案，关于土地利用和土地覆盖变化，特别是水土流失控制项目的实施如何影响泥沙动态和水文变量的信息很重要。采用改进的双质量曲线法和分解法，以黄土高原小流域绿儿沟为研究对象，利用60 a的径流和泥沙资料，分析了不同水土保持措施对流域径流和泥沙的影响。总降水量（P）差异无统计学意义（p > 0.05），而大雨则明显增加（p < 0.01）。年径流量（R）和输沙量（S）在1954 - 2010年显著减少，1990年和1986年出现突变。敏感性分析表明，P对R和S的影响大于温度（T）。研究表明，水土保持对减少年径流量和输沙量的贡献最大，分别达到84.2%和91.1%，气候变化对减少年径流量和输沙量的贡献最大。在各种水土保持措施中，梯田对流域径流和泥沙的影响最为敏感。极端降雨条件下，洪水与泥沙关系发生明显变化。与历史极端降雨事件相比，2000年以后在相似降雨和强度条件下，流域洪水和输沙量减少明显。这一结果进一步表明，水土保持措施的实施通过改变极端降雨期间的水沙关系，对该区域的洪涝减沙起到了重要作用。这些结果对认识黄土高原流域水沙锐减的原因具有重要的参考价值。
Soil and water conservation are important measures in regulating runoff and sediment load on the Loess Plateau. Information on how land use and land cover changes, especially the implementation of the soil and water loss control project, can affect the sediment load dynamics and hydrological variables is important since large-scale eco-environmental governance programs are being implemented. In this study, an improved double mass curve and the decomposition method were used to assess the effects of different soil and water control measures on runoff and sediment load in the Lvergou, which is a small basin on the Loess Plateau in China, based on 60 years of data. We conclude that the total precipitation (P) was not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05), whereas heavy rain increased significantly (p < 0.01). Annual runoff (R) and sediment load (S) decreased significantly from 1954 to 2010, with abrupt changes in 1990 and 1986. Sensitivity analysis indicates that P is more influential than temperature (T) in affecting R and S. This study indicates that soil and water conservation are the strongest contributors to reducing annual runoff and sediment load, with their contributions reaching 84.2% and 91.1%, respectively, while the remaining percentage was caused by climate variations. Among all soil and water conservation measures, the runoff and sediment load in the basin were most sensitive to the terrace. There were obvious changes in the rainfall-flood and rainfall-sediment relationships due to extreme rainfall conditions. Compared with historical extreme rainfall events, the decreases in flooding and sediment load in the river basin after 2000 under similar rainfall and intensity conditions were obvious. This result further indicates that the implementation of soil and water conservation measures plays an important role in reducing flooding and sediment load in this region by changing the water-sediment relationship during extreme rainfall. These results can provide important an reference for understanding the causes of sharp decrease of water and sediment in the Loess Plateau basin.