Social partner gaze direction and conversational phase; factors affecting social attention during face-to-face conversations in autistic adults?
Social partner gaze direction and conversational phase; factors affecting social attention during face-to-face conversations in autistic adults?
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DOI：
10.1177/1362361318756786
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Bugembe, Patricia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeth, Megan;Bugembe, Patricia
社会关注在自闭症患者中是不典型的。然而，这一说法的大部分证据来自于社会伙伴不在场且参与者是儿童的研究。因此，为了确保获得自闭症社会注意力的全面概述，有必要对已知影响神经典型患者面对面社会注意力的因素进行系统分析，并且需要成年期的证据。这项研究评估了面对面对话期间实验者注视方向（直接或回避）和对话阶段（说话或倾听）对社会注意力的影响。眼球追踪分析表明，当实验者直视参与者时，自闭症成年人看实验者脸部的次数少于神经正常成年人。然而，当实验者的目光移开时，这种组间差异显着减小。因此，当社交伙伴进行直接目光接触时，自闭症成年人就会错过相互社交凝视的机会。与神经正常和自闭症成年人相比，参与者在说话时花在观察者眼睛区域的时间比例更大。总体而言，这项研究提供了自闭症成人面对面对话中社会注意力本质的丰富图景，并展示了社会注意力风格的个体差异。
Social attention is atypical in autism. However, the majority of evidence for this claim comes from studies where the social partner is not physically present and the participants are children. Consequently, to ensure acquisition of a comprehensive overview of social attention in autism, systematic analysis of factors known to influence face-to-face social attention in neurotypicals is necessary and evidence from adulthood is required. This study assessed the influence of experimenter gaze direction (direct or averted) and conversational phase (speaking or listening) on social attention during a face-to-face conversation. Eye-tracking analyses indicated that when the experimenter looked directly at the participant, autistic adults looked at the experimenter's face less than did neurotypical adults. However, this between-group difference was significantly reduced when the experimenter's gaze was averted. Therefore, opportunities for reciprocal social gaze are missed by autistic adults when the social partner makes direct eye contact. A greater proportion of time was spent fixating the experimenter's eye region when participants were speaking compared to listening in both neurotypical and autistic adults. Overall, this study provides a rich picture of the nature of social attention in face-to-face conversations adopted by autistic adults and demonstrates individual variation in social attention styles.