Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.65.8.897
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Geus, Eco J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Moor, Marleen H. M.;Boomsma, Dorret I.;de Geus, Eco J. C.
背景：在一般人群中，定期锻炼与焦虑和抑郁症状的减少有关。在临床人群中的实验研究结果表明，锻炼对焦虑和抑郁有因果关系，但尚不清楚这种因果关系是否也会推动人群联系。我们不能排除影响运动行为和焦虑和抑郁症状的第三个潜在因素的主要贡献。目的：在基于人群的样本中测试运动对焦虑和抑郁症状的因果效应。设计：基于人群的纵向研究(19912002)，在遗传信息丰富的双胞胎家庭样本中。背景：通过对运动与焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关联的双变量遗传模型、基因同卵双胞胎之间这些特征的对内差异的相关性以及运动行为变化和焦虑和抑郁症状的纵向模型来检验运动的因果效应。参与者：来自荷兰双胞胎登记册的总共5952对双胞胎，1357个额外的兄弟姐妹和1249个父母。主要结果测量：关于休闲时间运动的调查数据(基于运动类型、频率和持续时间的每周代谢当量任务小时数)和焦虑和抑郁症状的4个量表(抑郁、焦虑、躯体焦虑和神经质，加上综合得分)。结果：横截面和纵向关联很小，可以用共同的遗传因素来解释，这些遗传因素对运动行为和焦虑和抑郁症状的影响相反。在基因相同的双胞胎中，运动较多的双胞胎并不比运动较少的同卵双胞胎表现出较少的焦虑和抑郁症状。纵向分析表明，运动参与度的增加并不预示焦虑和抑郁症状的减少。结论：在一般人群中，定期运动与焦虑和抑郁症状的减少有关，但这种联系并不是因为运动的因果效应。
Context: In the population at large, regular exercise is associated with reduced anxious and depressive symptoms. Results of experimental studies in clinical populations suggest a causal effect of exercise on anxiety and depression, but it is unclear whether such a causal effect also drives the population association. We cannot exclude the major contribution of a third underlying factor influencing exercise behavior and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Objective: To test causal effects of exercise on anxious and depressive symptoms in a population- based sample.Design: Population- based longitudinal study ( 19912002) in a genetically informative sample of twin families.Setting: Causal effects of exercise were tested by bivariate genetic modeling of the association between exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression, correlation of intrapair differences in these traits among genetically identical twins, and longitudinal modeling of changes in exercise behavior and anxious and depressive symptoms.Participants: A total of 5952 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register, 1357 additional siblings, and 1249 parents. All participants were aged 18 to 50 years.Main Outcome Measurements: Survey data about leisure- time exercise ( metabolic equivalent task hours per week based on type, frequency, and duration of exercise) and 4 scales of anxious and depressive symptoms ( depression, anxiety, somatic anxiety, and neuroticism, plus a composite score).Results: Cross- sectional and longitudinal associations were small and were best explained by common genetic factors with opposite effects on exercise behavior and symptoms of anxiety and depression. In genetically identical twin pairs, the twin who exercised more did not display fewer anxious and depressive symptoms than the co- twin who exercised less. Longitudinal analyses showed that increases in exercise participation did not predict decreases in anxious and depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Regular exercise is associated with reduced anxious and depressive symptoms in the population at large, but the association is not because of causal effects of exercise.