Executive functioning and verbal memory in young patients with unipolar depression and schizophrenia
Executive functioning and verbal memory in young patients with unipolar depression and schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00110-9
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发表时间：
1999-12-27
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Allilaire, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fossati, P;Amar, G;Allilaire, JF
尽管神经心理学研究一直在报道精神分裂症患者的执行功能缺陷，但对抑郁症患者执行功能的研究却得出了模棱两可的结果。本研究旨在探讨年轻单相抑郁症患者执行障碍的特征和特异性及其与记忆表现的关系。我们将抑郁症患者与正常对照者和精神分裂症患者进行比较。对20例年轻住院单相抑郁症患者、14例精神分裂症患者和20例年龄、教育程度和智商匹配的对照组进行了神经心理学测试，包括：(1)言语记忆任务；(2)额叶任务（WCST、认知评估、言语流畅性、言语和视觉空间广度）和新的复杂分类测试（Delis测试）。抑郁症患者和精神分裂症患者表现出执行能力缺陷。与精神分裂症患者不同，抑郁症患者没有表现出记忆障碍。在抑郁症患者中，几种“高级”功能的缺陷结合在一起会产生执行障碍，包括概念形成的复杂整合、自发认知灵活性和启动能力。精神分裂症患者与抑郁症患者的功能受损相似，但与临床变量的相关性不同。精神分裂症患者的记忆衰竭模式被认为反映了检索和编码缺陷。我们的发现强调了“执行功能”下的技能的异质性，这些技能在抑郁症或精神分裂症中很容易受到影响。1999爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
Although neuropsychological studies have consistently reported executive deficits in schizophrenia, studies of executive functions in depression have produced equivocal results. The aim of this study was to examine the profile and the specificity of the executive impairment and its association with memory performance in young patients with unipolar depression. We compared patients with depression to normal control subjects and schizophrenics. Twenty young inpatients with unipolar depression, 14 schizophrenics and 20 age-, education- and IQ-matched control subjects were assessed with a neuropsychological battery including: (1) verbal memory task; (2) frontal tasks (WCST, Cognitive Estimate, Verbal fluency, verbal and visuo-spatial span) and a new complex sorting test (Delis test). Depressed patients and schizophrenics exhibited executive deficits. Unlike schizophrenics, depressed patients did not show memory impairment. Deficits in several 'higher-level' functions combined to produce executive impairments in patients with depression including complex integration for concept formation, spontaneous cognitive flexibility and initiation ability. Impaired functions in schizophrenia and in depressed patients were similar but were differently related to clinical variables. The pattern of memory failure in our schizophrenics is believed to reflect retrieval and encoding deficits. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of skills grouped under the term 'executive functions' that are vulnerable in depression or schizophrenia. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.