A global count of the extreme poor in 2012: data issues, methodology and initial results
A global count of the extreme poor in 2012: data issues, methodology and initial results
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DOI：
10.1007/s10888-016-9326-6
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yoshida, Nobuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira, Francisco H. G.;Chen, Shaohua;Yoshida, Nobuo
2014年发布的2011年购买力平价(PPP)换算系数(PPP)促使世界银行修订了国际贫困线。在修订这条线时，我们力求尽量减少对较早的1.25美元线(2005年购买力平价)的实际购买力的变化，以保持可持续发展目标和世界银行的两个目标等国际目标的完整性--这些目标是根据这条线设定的。特别是，新的贫困线是通过扩大同样的15条国家贫困线而获得的--最初由Ravallion等人使用。(世界银行经济。Rev.23(2)：163-184 2009)构建1.25美元的线，以当地货币单位计算2011年的价格，然后使用2011年购买力平价转换系数将其转换为美元。在一个小范围内，这一程序产生了每人每天1.90美元的新国际贫困线。结合文件中描述的其他变化，这一修订导致2011年全球贫困发生率的变化相对较小：从使用旧方法的14.5%下降到使用新方法的14.1%。2012年是全球人口统计的新参照年，我们发现，世界人口的12.7%，即8.97亿人生活在极端贫困中。贫困的区域构成有变化，但也相对较小。本文件记录了在国家一级更新贫困线以及消费和收入分配的过程中作出的方法论决定，包括跨时间和空间价格调整问题。它还描述了所采取方法的各种警告和限制。
The 2014 release of a new set of purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factors (PPPs) for 2011 has prompted a revision of the World Bank's international poverty line. In revising the line, we have sought to minimize changes to the real purchasing power of the earlier $1.25 line (in 2005 PPPs), so as to preserve the integrity of the goalposts for international targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Bank's twin goals - which were set with respect to that line. In particular, the new line was obtained by inflating the same fifteen national poverty lines - originally used by Ravallion et al. (World Bank Econ. Rev. 23(2): 163-184 2009) to construct the $1.25 line - to 2011 prices in local currency units, and then converting them to US dollars using 2011 PPP conversion factors. With a small approximation, this procedure yields a new international poverty line of $1.90 per person per day. In combination with other changes described in the paper, this revision leads to relatively small changes in global poverty incidence for 2011: from 14.5 % using the old method to 14.1 % using the new method. In 2012, the new reference year for the global count, we find 12.7 % of the world's population, or 897 million people, are living in extreme poverty. There are changes in the regional composition of poverty, but they are also relatively small. This paper documents methodological decisions taken in the process of updating both the poverty line and the consumption and income distributions at the country level, including issues of inter-temporal and spatial price adjustments. It also describes various caveats and limitations of the approach taken.