The earliest evidence of domestic chickens in the Japanese Archipelago
The earliest evidence of domestic chickens in the Japanese Archipelago
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DOI：
10.3389/feart.2023.1104535
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Eda;H. Izumi;M. Yoneda;Saburo Fujita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Eda;H. Izumi;M. Yoneda;Saburo Fujita
鸡（Gallus gallus arcticus）是最传统的家畜，其主要祖先是红原鸡，分布于东南亚和中国南部。鸡被认为是在弥生时代通过朝鲜半岛被带到日本列岛的，但其确切年龄不详。根据形态学上的两性异形现象，指出弥生时代的鸡多为雄性，日本列岛很少饲养。在第58次调查Karako-Kagi遗址（奈良县田原本镇）期间，从一个可追溯到弥生时代早期中期的分裂槽中挖掘出4块未成熟的雉科骨骼。在这项研究中，我们进行了胶原蛋白肽指纹鉴定和放射性碳测年的未成熟的雉科骨骼从Karako-Kagi网站。因此，在来自未成熟骨的样品中观察到鸡特有的两个肽质量峰，其显示来自未成熟鸡。样品的标定年龄被确认为公元前4 - 3世纪，与分割槽的开启年龄相吻合。这些结果表明，至少在Karako-Kagi村，从弥生中期开始，鸡已经连续繁殖。这一日期被认为是日本列岛、朝鲜半岛和东亚引进鸡的下限。
The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is the most conventional domestic animal whose main ancestor is the red junglefowl, found in Southeastern Asia and the southern part of China. Chickens were believed to have been brought to the Japanese Archipelago through the Korean Peninsula during the Yayoi period, but its exact age is unknown. Based on the sexual dimorphism of morphology, we pointed out that most chickens in the Yayoi period were males and that they were rarely bred in Japanese Archipelago. During the 58th survey of the Karako-Kagi site (Tawaramoto Town, Nara Prefecture), four pieces of immature Phasianidae bone were excavated from a division groove dating from the early middle Yayoi period. In this study, we performed collagen peptide fingerprinting identification and radiocarbon dating of immature Phasianidae bones from the Karako-Kagi site. Consequently, two peptide mass peaks unique to chickens were observed in samples from the immature bones, which were revealed to be derived from immature chickens. The calibrated age of the sample was confirmed to be between the fourth and third century BCE, which coincided with the opening age of the division groove. These results suggest that chickens have been successively bred since the beginning of the middle Yayoi period, at least in the Karako-Kagi village. The date was regarded as the lower limit for the introduction of chickens into the Japanese Archipelago, Korean Peninsula, and East Asia.