The primate striatum: Neuronal activity in relation to spatial attention versus motor preparation
The primate striatum: Neuronal activity in relation to spatial attention versus motor preparation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01382.x
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发表时间：
1997-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kermadi, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boussaoud, D;Kermadi, I
众所周知，灵长类动物基底神经节参与视觉引导运动的启动和控制，然而，这些结构的确切作用尚不清楚，部分原因是大多数神经生理学研究没有将与视觉运动处理相关的神经元活动与反映其他方面的行为（如空间注意力的转移）分离开来。此外，在运动启动和执行过程中，基底神经节与额叶皮质的功能方式仍然存在争议。为了澄清这些问题，我们记录了两只恒河猴训练执行条件视觉运动任务时纹状体（尾状核和壳核）的单个神经元，并将它们的特性与额叶皮质的特性进行了比较。实验范例旨在区分与注意力转移相关的神经元活动和反映运动准备的神经元活动。在一个给定的试验中，一个相同的视觉刺激可以作为空间注意力重新定向的线索，也可以作为建立运动集的线索，这取决于它在试验中发生的时间。范式的其他方面被设计用来识别当不同的刺激配置指示相同的动作时其活动不同的神经元（刺激效应），以及当同一刺激指示两个不同的动作时其活动不同的神经元（运动效应）。大多数细胞（60%）在指示提示后优先活跃，38%的细胞在注意提示后优先释放，其余2%的细胞在两种提示后均释放。进一步分析指示提示后神经元的刺激和运动效应。在运动准备过程中，当不同的刺激指示相同的动作时，绝大多数纹状体细胞（壳核，81%；尾状核，76%）的活性发生显著变化。同样，在相同的刺激作用下，不同的运动时，大多数细胞（壳核，92%；尾状核，82%）的准备活性发生了变化，因此，相当一部分细胞表现出刺激和运动的联合作用。将这些神经元特性与背侧运动前皮层的神经元特性进行比较，发现纹状体中反映感觉或感觉运动加工的细胞比例明显更高。这些结果表明，基底神经节参与了注意力集中的转移和运动启动的高阶过程，包括将感觉信息与行为反应联系起来。
The primate basal ganglia are known to be involved in the initiation and control of visually guided movements, However, the precise role of these structures is not clear, partly because most neurophysiological studies have not dissociated neuronal activity related to visuomotor processing from that reflecting other aspects of behaviour, such as shifts of spatial attention. Moreover, the way the basal ganglia function together with the frontal cortex during movement initiation and execution is still a matter of debate, In an effort to clarify these issues, we recorded single neurons from the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) in two rhesus monkeys trained to perform a conditional visuomotor task, and compared their properties with those of the frontal cortex. The experimental paradigm was designed to distinguish neuronal activity associated with shifts of attention from that reflecting motor preparation. in a given trial, an identical visual stimulus could serve as a cue for the reorientation of spatial attention or as a cue for establishing a motor set depending on when it occurred during that trial. Additional aspects of the paradigm were designed to identify neurons whose activity differed when various stimulus configurations instructed the same action (stimulus effect), as well as neurons whose activity differed when two different actions were instructed by the same stimulus (movement effect). The majority of cells (60%) were preferentially active after instructional cues, 38% discharged preferentially after attentional cues, and the remaining 2% of cells discharged equally after both types of cue, Neurons active after instructional cues were further analysed for stimulus and movement effects. During movement preparation, the activity of the vast majority of striatal cells (putamen, 81%; caudate, 76%) varied significantly when different stimuli instructed the same action. Likewise, when different movements were instructed by the same stimulus, preparatory activity of a majority of cells (putamen, 92%; caudate, 82%) changed, Consequently, a substantial proportion of cells showed combined stimulus and movement effects. Comparison of these neuronal properties with those of the dorsal premotor cortex showed significantly higher proportions of cells in the striatum whose activity reflected sensory or sensorimotor processing, These results suggest that the basal ganglia are involved in shifting attentional set and in high-order processes of movement initiation, including the linking of sensory information with behavioural responses.