Does Sleep Improve Your Grammar? Preferential Consolidation of Arbitrary Components of New Linguistic Knowledge.
Does Sleep Improve Your Grammar? Preferential Consolidation of Arbitrary Components of New Linguistic Knowledge.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0152489
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gaskell MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mirković J;Gaskell MG
我们研究了与睡眠相关的记忆巩固过程在学习新的形式-意义映射中的作用。具体来说，我们检查了补充学习系统帐户，这意味着与睡眠相关的巩固应该更有利于新的海马依赖性任意映射（例如新词汇项）相对于新的系统映射（例如语法规律），可以更好地在新皮质上编码。该假设使用具有人工语法性别系统的新语言进行了测试。词干指称映射实现了新语言的任意方面，限定词/后缀+自然性别映射实现了系统方面（例如 tib scoiffesh + ballerina、tib mofeem + Bridge；ked jorool + 牛仔、ked heefaff + 牧师）。重要的是，限定词-性别和后缀-性别映射的复杂性和显着性各不相同，因此提供了一系列机会来检测睡眠对此类映射的有益影响。参与者使用文字-图片匹配任务接受新语言的训练，并在 2 小时的延迟（包括睡眠或清醒）后进行测试。在评估新映射的任意方面（单个词汇项）的记忆的测试中，睡眠组的参与者优于清醒组的参与者，而在评估新映射的系统方面的记忆的任何测试中，我们都没有看到睡眠有益的证据：两组的参与者都提取了显着的限定词-自然性别映射，但没有提取更复杂的后缀-自然性别映射。这些数据支持补充系统帐户的预测，并强调了陈述性记忆巩固过程中任意性/系统性维度的重要性。
We examined the role of sleep-related memory consolidation processes in learning new form-meaning mappings. Specifically, we examined a Complementary Learning Systems account, which implies that sleep-related consolidation should be more beneficial for new hippocampally dependent arbitrary mappings (e.g. new vocabulary items) relative to new systematic mappings (e.g. grammatical regularities), which can be better encoded neocortically. The hypothesis was tested using a novel language with an artificial grammatical gender system. Stem-referent mappings implemented arbitrary aspects of the new language, and determiner/suffix+natural gender mappings implemented systematic aspects (e.g. tib scoiffesh + ballerina, tib mofeem + bride; ked jorool + cowboy, ked heefaff + priest). Importantly, the determiner-gender and the suffix-gender mappings varied in complexity and salience, thus providing a range of opportunities to detect beneficial effects of sleep for this type of mapping. Participants were trained on the new language using a word-picture matching task, and were tested after a 2-hour delay which included sleep or wakefulness. Participants in the sleep group outperformed participants in the wake group on tests assessing memory for the arbitrary aspects of the new mappings (individual vocabulary items), whereas we saw no evidence of a sleep benefit in any of the tests assessing memory for the systematic aspects of the new mappings: Participants in both groups extracted the salient determiner-natural gender mapping, but not the more complex suffix-natural gender mapping. The data support the predictions of the complementary systems account and highlight the importance of the arbitrariness/systematicity dimension in the consolidation process for declarative memories.