THE COMPETITIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THREE WOODLAND SEDGES AND ITS BEARING ON THE EVOLUTION OF ANT‐DISPERSAL OF CAREX PEDUNCULATA
THE COMPETITIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THREE WOODLAND SEDGES AND ITS BEARING ON THE EVOLUTION OF ANT‐DISPERSAL OF CAREX PEDUNCULATA
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三种林地莎草的竞争关系及其对带梗苔草蚂蚁传播演化的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb01105.x
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
S. Handel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Handel
蚂蚁传播种子，myrmecochory，是一个常见的功能，从许多科的草本植物在中温带森林。这些蚂蚁分散的植物有一个特殊的脂肪体，elaiosome，结合在每个水孢子，分散单位。油粒体是许多物种蚂蚁的食物，蚂蚁的工蚁将种子+油粒体单元运送到它们的巢穴，在那里油粒体被吃掉，种子与其他巢穴碎片一起完好无损地丢弃。然后种子发芽，通常从母体植物中分散出来。这种植物与蚂蚁的关系与真正的收获蚁的活动不同，收获蚁自己收集并吃掉种子。有些种子被收获蚁运送时，可能会意外地逃脱捕食而发芽（科尔，1932年;特维斯，1958年）。这plantharvester蚂蚁的相互作用是不介导的elaiosome诱饵，涉及一个很大的损失种子的植物物种在传播过程中，是很大的不同，从antdispersion的苔草pedunculata这里讨论。蚂蚁作为潜在的传播媒介的存在并不仅仅导致它们传播种子。由于增强的扩散，一般来说，与早期演替物种或与植物和动物的竞争能力差，自然竞争物种的调查应有助于扩散机制的理解。本文报道了莎草科苔草属三种森林莎草之间的竞争实验结果，其中C。pedunculata是蚂蚁分散的，并讨论了这些实验的生活史的影响。pedunculata和森林草本层的发展和模式。
The dispersal of seeds by ants, myrmecochory, is a frequent feature among herbs from many families in mesic temperate forests. These ant-dispersed plants have a special fat body, the elaiosome, incorporated in each diaspore, the unit of dispersal. The elaiosome is food for the ants of many species, whose workers carry the seed + elaiosome unit to their nest, where the elaiosome is eaten and the seed discarded unharmed with other nest debris. The seed then germinates, often dispersed from the parent plant. This plant-ant relationship differs from activities of the true harvester ants which gather and eat the seeds themselves. Some seeds transported by harvester ants may accidentally escape predation and germinate (Cole, 1932; Tevis, 1958). This plantharvester ant interaction is not mediated by an elaiosome bait, involves a great loss of seed to the plant species during dispersal, and is quite different from the antdispersal of Carex pedunculata to be discussed here. The presence of ants as potential dispersal agents will not alone result in their dispersing seeds. Because enhanced dispersal, generally, is associated with early successional species or with poor competitive ability in both plants and animals, investigations of naturally competing species should contribute to an understanding of dispersal mechanisms. I report here the results of competition experiments among three woodland sedges in the genus Carex (Cyperaceae), of which C. pedunculata is ant-dispersed, and discuss the implications of these experiments for the life history of C. pedunculata and for the development and patterning of the forest herb stratum.