The March of Dimes.
The March of Dimes.
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一毛钱进行曲。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
A. Noymer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Noymer
LETTERS和安阿伯市密歇根大学社会研究所。如需转载，请发送给哈佛大学公共卫生学院卫生与社会行为系Nancy Krieger博士，地址：677 Huntington Ave， Boston, MA 02115（电子邮件：nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu）。2001年8月《健康图像》杂志的文章“……《让别人也能走》：《硬币的行军》，“我很吸引人。“硬币行军”是面对结构性变化进行制度适应的一个极好例子。疫苗接种在20世纪50年代大大降低了脊髓灰质炎的发病率，并最终导致1991年在美洲消灭了脊髓灰质炎病毒。针对这种情况，抗脊髓灰质炎基金会有3种选择：宣布其使命完成并关闭，将重点放在海外防治脊髓灰质炎，或改变其使命。基金会选择了第三条道路，现在它正式成为出生缺陷基金会。所描绘的海报似乎比文本的主题——20世纪30年代发现的“硬币行军”——更近。背景中的护士袖子上印着“小儿麻痹症疫苗志愿者”的字样。因此，“也帮帮我”似乎是指那些没有接种疫苗而感染了小儿麻痹症的儿童。这张海报可能来自上世纪50年代进行的一场反自满运动。在1955年广泛接种疫苗后，公众，尤其是新父母，开始相信疫苗的出现意味着脊髓灰质炎被消灭了。正如“硬币行军”的历史所证明的那样，这一时期是一场重大制度调整的开始。Andrew Noymer， MSc关于作者2001年8月的期刊。Noymer认为这张照片拍摄于20世纪50年代中期，这似乎非常可信。美国国家医学图书馆收藏的这张明信片没有注明日期，但由于“海报儿童”活动是在1946年开始的，所以这张明信片一定是在那个日期之后创作的。它似乎确实是与反自满运动同时产生的。有兴趣的读者可以参考妮娜·吉尔登·西维、简·s·史密斯和保罗·瓦格纳合著的《麻痹的恐惧：美国战胜小儿麻痹症》（纽约，纽约：电视图书；1998），这是同名电影的另一卷。如需转载，请发送至加州大学伯克利分校人口学系Andrew Noymer理学硕士，地址：加州伯克利Piedmont Ave 2232， CA 94720（电子邮件：andrew@demog.berkeley.edu）。伊丽莎白·费博士，西奥多·m·布朗博士，作者简介Helfand WH, Lazarus J, Theerman P.”。“让别人也能走路”：一毛钱的游行。[J] .中华卫生杂志。2001;31(1):1 - 9。作者是该杂志的特约编辑。伊莉莎白·费就职于马里兰州贝塞斯达国立卫生研究院国家医学图书馆医学史分部。西奥多·m·布朗就职于纽约州罗彻斯特市罗彻斯特大学历史、社区和预防医学系。如需转载，请发送Elizabeth Fee博士，国家医学图书馆，医学史部，8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894（电子邮件：elizabeth_fee@nlm.nih.gov）。费和布朗的回应我们很高兴看到安德鲁·诺默关于《给编辑的信中的勘误》中健康图像文章的来信。个人风险或群体风险：论点是什么？J .公共卫生。2001；（91:1919），我错误地引用了Colin B. Begg在他2001年3月的文章(Begg CB。癌症危险因素的研究：我们什么时候才能停止？J .公共卫生。2001；（91:360-364），“流行病学的主要目的是确定个体风险。’”事实上，这句话并不是直接引用的。贝格指出，“流行病学研究的一个主要目的是确定这种[独特的个体]风险在多大程度上因人而异，以及解释这种差异的因素”（第361页）。Gio B. Gori，卫生政策中心，马里兰州贝塞斯达20816。158《美国公共卫生杂志》2002年2月第92卷第2期
LETTERS and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michi- gan, Ann Arbor. Requests for reprints should be sent to Nancy Krieger, PhD, Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu). THE MARCH OF DIMES The August 2001 Images of Health article, “ ‘. . . So That Others May Walk’: The March of Dimes,” 1 is fascinating. The March of Dimes is an excellent example of institutional adaptation in the face of structural change. Vaccination greatly reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis in the 1950s and eventually led to the elimination, in 1991, of polio virus from the Americas. In response to this situa- tion, the anti-polio foundation had 3 options: to declare its mission fulfilled and close its doors, to focus on combating polio overseas, or to change its mission. The foundation chose the third path, and it is now officially the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. The poster that is depicted appears to be more recent than the text’s topic of the found- ing of the March of Dimes in the 1930s. The nurse in the background has the words “polio vaccine volunteer” on her sleeve. Thus the “Help me, too” would seem to refer to those children who missed out on vaccination and contracted polio. The poster could be from an anti-complacency campaign conducted in the 1950s. After widespread vaccination was in- troduced in 1955, the public, and especially new parents, began to believe that the advent of vaccination meant that polio was van- quished. As the history of the March of Dimes attests, this period was the beginning of a major institutional adaptation. Andrew Noymer, MSc About the Author the August 2001 issue of the Journal. Noymer’s suggestion that the image dates from the mid-1950s seems highly plausible. The postcard in the National Library of Medi- cine collection is undated, but as the Poster Child campaign was introduced in 1946, the image must have been created after that date. It does seem likely that it was created in con- junction with the anti-complacency campaign. For a good sampling of the March of Dimes materials, interested readers can consult A Paralyzing Fear: The Triumph Over Polio in America, by Nina Gilden Seavey, Jane S. Smith, and Paul Wagner (New York, NY: TV Books; 1998), a companion volume to the film of the same title. Requests for reprints should be sent to Andrew Noymer, MSc, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Demography, 2232 Piedmont Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720 (e-mail: andrew@demog.berkeley.edu). Elizabeth Fee, PhD Theodore M. Brown, PhD Reference About the Authors 1. Helfand WH, Lazarus J, Theerman P. “. . . So That Others May Walk”: the March of Dimes. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1190. The authors are Contributing Editors of the Journal. Eliz- abeth Fee is with the History of Medicine Division, Na- tional Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Theodore M. Brown is with the Depart- ments of History and of Community and Preventive Medi- cine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Requests for reprints should be sent to Elizabeth Fee, PhD, National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 (e-mail: elizabeth_fee@nlm.nih.gov). FEE AND BROWN RESPOND We were pleased to see the letter from Andrew Noymer about the Images of Health article in ERRATUM In a Letter to the Editor (Gori GB. Individualized or population risks: what is the argument? Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1919), I erro- neously quoted Colin B. Begg as stating, in his March 2001 article (Begg CB. The search for cancer risk factors: when can we stop looking? Am J Public Health. 2001;91:360–364), that “ ‘the primary purpose of epidemiology is to determine individual risks.’ ” In fact, this state- ment is not a direct quote. Begg states that “a primary purpose of epidemiologic research is to determine the extent to which this [unique individual] risk varies from person to person and the factors that explain this variation” (p 361). Gio B. Gori, The Health Policy Center, Bethesda, MD 20816. 158 | Letters American Journal of Public Health | February 2002, Vol 92, No. 2