The availability of fast-food and full-service restaurants in the United States - Associations with neighborhood characteristics
The availability of fast-food and full-service restaurants in the United States - Associations with neighborhood characteristics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.005
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Bao, Yanjun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell, Lisa A.;Chaloupka, Frank J.;Bao, Yanjun
背景资料：平行于不断上升的肥胖流行病，食品消费模式和家庭支出显示出显着的上升趋势，总能量摄入量来自远离家庭sources.Methods：本研究进行了横断面多变量分析，研究当地种族，民族和收入特征和提供全方位服务和快餐店之间的关联。根据美国全国人口普查，共有28，050个邮政编码，覆盖人口280，675，874人，将餐厅数据与2000年人口普查局基于邮政编码制表区域的数据联系起来，并使用负二项计数模型和普通进行分析。最小二乘回归分析。结果：研究结果表明，高收入社区与低收入社区相比，黑人和种族混合社区与白色社区相比，西班牙裔社区与非西班牙裔社区相比，提供全方位服务和快餐店的社区更少。接近低收入和中等收入的社区拥有最多的餐馆，与高收入社区相比，提供全方位服务的餐馆数量是1.24和1.22倍，快餐店数量是1.34和1.28倍。在以黑人为主的社区，提供全方位服务的餐馆和快餐店的数量分别占白色社区的58.2%和59.3%。在所使用的国家样本中，按收入、种族或民族划分的快餐店与全方位服务餐馆的相对可用性没有统计学显著差异。然而，在整个城市地区，近低，中，近高收入与高收入的社区，主要是黑人与白色社区被发现有适度较高的比例，总restaurants.Conclusions之间的快餐店：在城市地区，较高的比例，可用的快餐店的总餐厅在主要是黑人与主要是白色社区可能有助于种族差异的肥胖率。
Background: Parallel to the rising obesity epidemic, food consumption patterns and household expenditures show a marked upward trend in total energy intake derived from away-from-home sources.Methods: This study conducted cross-sectional multivariate analyses to examine associations between local-area racial, ethnic, and income characteristics and the availability of full-service and fast-food restaurants. Based on a U.S. national census of 28,050 ZIP codes that cover a population of 280,675,874 people, restaurant outlet data were linked to 2000 Census Bureau data based on ZIP code tabulation areas and analyses were undertaken using negative binomial count models and ordinary least squares regression analyses.Results: Study results showed that higher- versus lower-income, predominantly black and racially mixed versus predominantly white and Hispanic versus non-Hispanic neighborhoods had fewer available full-service and fast-food restaurants. Near-low- and middle-income neighborhoods had the highest number of available restaurants with 1.24 and 1.22 times number of full-service restaurants and 1.34 and 1.28 times the number of fast-food restaurants compared to high-income neighborhoods. Predominantly black neighborhoods were found to have 58.2% and 59.3% of the number of full-service and fast-food restaurants available in predominantly white neighborhoods. No statistically significant differences were found in the relative availability of fast-food versus full-service restaurants by income, race, or ethnicity in the national sample used. However, across urban areas, near-low-, middle-, and near-high- versus high-income neighborhoods and predominantly black versus white neighborhoods were found to have moderately higher proportions of fast-food among total restaurants.Conclusions: In urban areas, higher proportions of available fast-food restaurants out of total restaurants in predominantly black versus predominantly white neighborhoods may contribute to racial differences in obesity rates.