A nationwide survey of urinary concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides in China.
A nationwide survey of urinary concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides in China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105114
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Tao Zhang;Shi-ming Song;Xue-yuan Bai;Yuan He;Bo Zhang;M. Gui;K. Kannan;Shaoyou Lu;Yanying Huan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tao Zhang;Shi-ming Song;Xue-yuan Bai;Yuan He;Bo Zhang;M. Gui;K. Kannan;Shaoyou Lu;Yanying Huan
新烟碱类杀虫剂(NEO)是新出现的令人关注的杀虫剂，因为它们对非目标物种(如蜜蜂、鱼类和鸟类)具有潜在毒性。中国是世界上重要的近地天体生产国和使用者。中国关于人类接触近地天体的研究非常有限。本研究测定了中国13个城市324人的尿中6种NEO，即扑热息痛(ACE)、氯硫菌素(ClO)、敌百虫(DIN)、吡虫啉(IMI)、噻虫啉(THD)和甲氧西林(THM)。在所有采样点中，近地天体总浓度(Σ近地天体；6个近地天体之和)由氯仿(中位数：0.24 ng/mL)、IMI(0.21 ng/mL)、三氯甲烷(0.15 ng/mL)和DIN(0.14 ng/mL)共同主导，合计占浓度的98%。不同采样点的尿中NEO浓度不同，ClO的中位数为0.057~1.2 ng/m L，DIN的中位数为0.036~0.83 ng/m L，IMI的中位数为0.069~3.2 ng/m L，THM的中位数为0.062~0.45 ng/m L。观察到与性别有关的IMI、ACE和Σ近地天体浓度的差异，男性的尿液水平明显高于女性。6个近地天体之间呈显著正相关(r= 0.135~0.661，p<； 0.05)，表明近地天体的暴露源是共同的或相关的。根据尿IMI值，我们计算出IMI日摄入量的中位数(DI；平均值和极差)为1.6(4.10.02-55)μg/天，或0.034(0.11；0.0003-2.1)μg/kg BW/天。据我们所知，这是第一次记录中国无处不在的近地天体发生和人类暴露的研究。
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are emerging pesticides of concern due to their potential toxicity to non-target species (e.g., bees, fish and birds). China is an important producer and user of NEOs in the world. Studies on human exposure to NEOs in China are very limited. In this study, urinary levels of six NEOs, namely acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DIN), imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THD), and thiamethoxam (THM) were determined in 324 individuals from 13 cities in China. Across all sampling locations, total NEO concentrations (ΣNEOs; sum of six NEOs) were dominated by CLO (median: 0.24 ng/mL), IMI (0.21 ng/mL), THM (0.15 ng/mL) and DIN (0.14 ng/mL) collectively accounting for 98% of the concentrations. Urinary concentrations of each NEO varied depending on the sampling location with the median values ranged from 0.057 to 1.2 ng/mL for CLO, from 0.036 to 0.83 ng/mL for DIN, from 0.069 to 3.2 ng/mL for IMI, and from 0.062 to 0.45 ng/mL for THM. Sex-related differences in IMI, ACE and ΣNEOs concentrations were observed with males presenting significantly higher urinary levels than did females. All six NEOs were significantly positively correlated (r= 0.135 to 0.661,p< 0.05) with each other, suggesting that the exposure sources of NEOs are common or related. On the basis of urinary IMI levels, we calculated the median daily intake (DI; mean and range) of IMI to be 1.6 (4.1, <0.02–55) μg/day, or 0.034 (0.11, <0.0003–2.1) μg/kg bw/day. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the ubiquitous occurrence of and human exposure to NEOs in China.