Chromatin immunoprecipitation: optimization, quantitative analysis and data normalization.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation: optimization, quantitative analysis and data normalization.
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DOI:
10.1186/1746-4811-3-11
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发表时间:
2007-09-24
期刊:
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Stam M
Stam M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haring M;Offermann S;Danker T;Horst I;Peterhansel C;Stam M

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染色质重塑、组蛋白修饰和其他染色质相关过程在基因调控中起着至关重要的作用。研究这些过程的一个非常有用的技术是染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)。ChIP被广泛用于一些模型系统,包括拟南芥,但建立其他生物的技术仍然是非常具有挑战性的。此外,沉淀物的定量分析和数据的标准化往往被低估,对数据质量产生负面影响。我们开发了一个强大的ChIP协议,使用玉米(玉米)作为模型系统,并提出了一个通用的策略,系统地优化该协议的任何类型的组织。我们提出了内源性控制的活性和抑制染色质,并讨论了各种其他控制,成功的ChIP实验是必不可少的。我们的经验是,使用定量PCR(QPCR)是获得高质量的ChIP数据的关键,我们解释了为什么。数据标准化方法对ChIP分析的质量有重大影响。因此,我们分析了不同的规范化策略,从而深入讨论了各种方法的优点和缺点。在这里,我们提供了一个强大的ChIP协议和策略,以优化任何类型的组织的协议;我们认为,定量实时PCR(QPCR)是分析沉淀物的最佳方法,并提出全面的见解数据标准化。
Chromatin remodeling, histone modifications and other chromatin-related processes play a crucial role in gene regulation. A very useful technique to study these processes is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). ChIP is widely used for a few model systems, including Arabidopsis, but establishment of the technique for other organisms is still remarkably challenging. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the precipitated material and normalization of the data is often underestimated, negatively affecting data quality. We developed a robust ChIP protocol, using maize (Zea mays) as a model system, and present a general strategy to systematically optimize this protocol for any type of tissue. We propose endogenous controls for active and for repressed chromatin, and discuss various other controls that are essential for successful ChIP experiments. We experienced that the use of quantitative PCR (QPCR) is crucial for obtaining high quality ChIP data and we explain why. The method of data normalization has a major impact on the quality of ChIP analyses. Therefore, we analyzed different normalization strategies, resulting in a thorough discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches. Here we provide a robust ChIP protocol and strategy to optimize the protocol for any type of tissue; we argue that quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) is the best method to analyze the precipitates, and present comprehensive insights into data normalization.
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