A simple method to observe water distribution in tracheid-bearing wood of subalpine conifer
A simple method to observe water distribution in tracheid-bearing wood of subalpine conifer
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亚高山针叶树管胞木材水分分布的简易观测方法
DOI：
10.1007/s00468-020-02070-y
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haruhiko Taneda;Kenich Yazaki;Tokiyoshi Hiramatsu;Bunnichi Shimizu;Daisuke Sugiura;Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
水和空气填充管道的分布可以通过观察冻结针叶树茎的木质部横截面来区分。这种方法适用于寒冷冬季的野外观测。摘要夏旱和霜冻引起的木质部栓塞是亚高山万年青针叶树茎和个体枯死的关键胁迫之一。针叶树木质部栓塞的发生不仅取决于物种，还取决于植物微生境，这给理解针对木质部栓塞的可能适应策略带来了困难。本研究探讨了一种简单的方法，使用数码相机拍摄木质部水分分布（CXW法）的横截面冻结茎。光通过充满水的管胞腔传输，但在栓塞管胞的表面反射和散射，导致木材颜色在较深（充满水的管胞）和较浅（充满空气的管胞）的颜色区域之间形成对比。CXW方法是有效的，在针叶树中的水分分布检测，虽然在晚材和反应木材的彩色木质部减少空气和水填充区域之间的颜色对比度。通过用低温恒温器切割冷冻茎，可以容易地监测茎木质部水分分布的连续变化。在亚高山地区寒冷的冬季，当收集一个分支时，可以检测到栓塞管道的空间分布。如果有低温恒温器，这种方法适用于任何季节采集的其他含管胞木材，不需要额外的仪器或耗时的现场密集劳动。针叶树生长在极端环境中的水力学信息有助于了解其适应策略，并有助于准确预测未来气候条件下的森林动态。
Key messageDistributions of water- and air-filled conduits can be distinguished by observing a xylem cross-section of frozen conifer stem. This method is applicable to field observation in cold winter.AbstractXylem embolism resulting from summer drought and frost drought is one of the critical stresses responsible for the dieback of stems and individuals of subalpine evergreen conifers. The occurrence of xylem embolism in conifers depends not only on the species but also on the plant microhabitats, causing difficulties in understanding possible adaptive strategies against xylem embolism. This study examines a simple method of using a digital camera to photograph the xylem water distribution (CXW method) in cross-sections of frozen stems. Light is transmitted through the water-filled tracheid lumen but reflects and scatters at the surface of embolized tracheids, resulting in contrast in wood color between darker (water-filled tracheids) and lighter (air-filled tracheids) colored regions. The CXW method was effective in detecting water distribution in conifers, although the colored xylem in latewood and reaction wood decreased the color contrast between air- and water-filled regions. By cutting the frozen stem with a cryostat, sequential changes in the water distribution of stem xylem were easily monitored. In the cold winter of the subalpine region, the spatial distribution of embolized conduits can be detected when a branch is collected. If a cryostat is available, this method is applicable to other tracheid-bearing wood collected in any season and does not require additional instruments or time-consuming intensive labor in the field. Information about the hydraulics of conifers growing in extreme environments contributes to the understanding of their adaptive strategy and facilitates accurate prediction of forest dynamics under future climatic conditions.
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高山林线的冬季会导致云杉树内复杂的水势和栓塞模式。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
Physiologia Plantarum : An International Journal for Plant Biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Mayr;Katline Charra
通讯作者：
Katline Charra
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Cochard, H;Bodet, C;Cruiziat, P
通讯作者：
Cruiziat, P
影响因子：
3
作者：
Canny, MJ
通讯作者：
Canny, MJ
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
R. Nakada
通讯作者：
R. Nakada
核桃叶柄蒸腾过程中导管内容物的冷冻扫描电子显微镜观察。
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
M. Canny;M. Mccully;Cheng X. Huang
通讯作者：
Cheng X. Huang