Analytical models of scratch hardness
Analytical models of scratch hardness
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DOI：
10.1016/0301-679x(96)00014-x
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Williams, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, JA
一种材料磨损或刮伤另一种材料的能力作为硬度等级的基础有着悠久的历史，并且与现在更常见的硬度测量方法（如材料对压痕的抵抗力）明显相关。然而，这两个测试的硬度值之间没有简单的关系。在试样的表面产生磨损槽涉及大的塑性应变，并且已经基于诸如滑移线场理论和塑性载荷边界定理等技术提出了用于该过程的一些分析模型。虽然载荷的预测值和测量值之间存在合理的一致性，但这些方法在提供凹槽周围的变形或应变模式的估计方面不太令人满意，并且这些限制可能与相对简单的模型对材料行为的一些理想化有关-例如各向同性和忽略弹性效应。脆性固体的划痕试验也可能涉及塑性行为，这是由于在尖锐压头尖端附近产生的高局部静水压应力所促成的。划痕硬度也被用作涂层基材完整性的测试，尽管此处的失效模式可能比在均质材料中观察到的失效模式更复杂。版权所有（C）1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
The ability of one material to abrade or scratch another has a long history as the basis of a scale of hardness and is clearly related to the now more common measure of hardness as the resistance of a material to indentation. However, there is no simple relation between the values of hardness from these two tests. Producing an abraded groove in the surface of a specimen involves large plastic strains, and a number of analytical models have been proposed for this process based on such techniques as slip line field theory and the theorems of plastic load bounding. While there is reasonable agreement between the predicted and measured values of the loads, these methods are much less satisfactory in providing estimates of the patterns of deformation or strain around the groove and these limitations may be associated with some of the idealizations relatively simple models make about material behaviour - such as isotropy and a neglect of elastic effects. The scratch testing of brittle solids can also involve plastic behaviour facilitated by the high local hydrostatic compressive stresses generated close to the tip of a sharp indenter. Scratch hardness is also finding applications as a test for the integrity of coated substrates, although the modes of failure here may be more complex than those observed in homogeneous materials. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd