Neurotrophin Regulation of the Developing Nervous System: Analyses of Knockout Mice

Neurotrophin Regulation of the Developing Nervous System: Analyses of Knockout Mice
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神经营养蛋白对神经系统发育的调节:基因敲除小鼠的分析

DOI:
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发表时间:
1997
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
G. Yancopoulos
G. Yancopoulos
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Conover;G. Yancopoulos

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神经营养因子,NGF, BDNF, NT3和NT4,是不断增长的神经营养因子库中的一个家族。神经营养因子长期以来一直与神经元存活有关,最近对靶向破坏神经营养因子基因的小鼠进行的研究证实了这一作用,但也揭示了神经营养因子的作用比最初设想的更复杂,在某些情况下更具交互性。缺乏功能性NGF、BDNF和NT3基因会导致严重的神经元缺陷和早期出生后死亡。然而,NT4在神经营养因子中是独特的,虽然缺乏NT4确实会导致有限的感觉神经元丢失,但这些小鼠不会过早死亡,这表明依赖NT4的神经元对生存并不重要。缺乏神经营养因子受体TrkA、B和C的小鼠的表型分析证实,TrkA是NGF的功能性受体,TrkB是BDNF和NT4的主要受体,NT3主要通过TrkC进行信号传递。然而,TrkC突变小鼠的表型不如NT3突变小鼠显著,这一发现暗示NT3通过TrkC以外的受体进行信号传导。进一步的研究,利用Trk和神经营养因子的组合缺失,揭示了虽然BDNF和NT4在大多数情况下服务于不同的神经元群,但其他神经元亚群可以由BDNF或NT4支持,这为神经营养因子之间的代偿作用提供了证据。作为一种解释发生在发育中的神经系统中的程序性细胞死亡的机制,最近关于神经营养因子基因剂量效应的研究表明,神经营养因子,NGF, BDNF和NT3的可用性可能限制了某些神经元群体。此外,一些神经元群体神经营养因子依赖性的拟议转换目前正在使用神经营养因子突变小鼠进行确定。我们讨论这些和其他最近的发现,神经营养因子的需求发育的神经系统。
The neurotrophins, NGF, BDNF, NT3 and NT4, are one family in a growing repertoire of neurotrophic factors. The neurotrophins have long been implicated in neuronal survival and recent studies from mice with targeted disruptions of the neurotrophin genes confirm this role, but also reveal that the action of the neurotrophins is more complex, and in some instances more interactive, than originally envisaged. Lack of functional NGF, BDNF and NT3 genes results in severe neuronal deficits and an early postnatal death. However, NT4 is unique among the neurotrophins and while the absence of NT4 does result in limited sensory neuron loss these mice do not die early, suggesting that NT4-dependent neurons are not critical for survival. Phenotypic analyses of mice lacking neurotrophin receptors, TrkA, B and C, confirm that TrkA is the functional receptor for NGF, TrkB acts as the primary receptor for BDNF and NT4, and NT3 signals primarily through TrkC. However, the finding that TrkC mutant mice have a less dramatic phenotype than their NT3 counterparts implicates NT3 in signaling via receptors other than TrkC. Further studies, using combinatorial Trk and neurotrophin deletions, reveal that while BDNF and NT4 subserve distinct neuron populations in most cases, other neuron sub-populations can be supported by either BDNF or NT4, providing evidence for compensatory actions between neurotrophins. As a mechanism to explain programmed cell death that occurs in the developing nervous system, recent studies examining neurotrophin gene-dosage effects suggest that the availability of neurotrophins, NGF, BDNF and NT3, may be limiting for some neuron populations. In addition, the proposed switch in neurotrophin dependency for some neuron populations is now being determined using neurotrophin mutant mice. We discuss these and other recent findings on neurotrophin requirements for the developing nervous system.
交感神经母细胞经历营养依赖性的发育转变。
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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.961
发表时间: 1991-02-01
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
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DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11844
发表时间: 1994-12-06
影响因子: 11.1
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