Royal Decree: Gene Expression in Trans-Generationally Immune Primed Bumblebee Workers Mimics a Primary Immune Response
Royal Decree: Gene Expression in Trans-Generationally Immune Primed Bumblebee Workers Mimics a Primary Immune Response
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0159635
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发表时间：
2016-07-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sadd, Ben M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barribeau, Seth M.;Schmid-Hempel, Paul;Sadd, Ben M.
无脊椎动物缺乏适应性免疫系统的细胞和生理机制，但在其免疫应答和免疫启动中显示出特异性。在功能上，免疫启动与脊椎动物的免疫记忆相当。暴露于特定寄生虫后幸存的个体更好地保护了随后的暴露。保护可能是交叉反应的，但对无脊椎动物的持久和具体保护的示范正在增加。这种免疫启动可以跨代（“跨代”免疫启动），为后代的流行寄生虫环境做好准备。虽然这些现象获得越来越多的支持，这种免疫启动的机制基础，无论是在几代人内和跨代，仍然在很大程度上是未知的。使用转录组学的方法，我们表明，暴露熊蜂女王注射热灭活细菌，已知诱导跨代免疫启动，改变女儿（工人）基因表达。子蜂，即使本身未暴露，也组成性地表达在直接细菌暴露后诱导的一组核心基因，包括抗微生物肽、与细菌识别和toll信号传导途径诱导有关的β-葡聚糖受体蛋白以及在蜜蜂免疫中重要的slit-3的高表达。母亲接触导致其女儿的免疫系统明显上调，其特征与直接接触引起的个体反应重叠。这将介导母子保护，但也与组成性免疫表达的重构相关的相关成本。此外，识别记忆样反应中的保守免疫途径对我们理解先天免疫系统具有重要意义，包括脊椎动物中的先天组分，它们共享许多这些途径。
Invertebrates lack the cellular and physiological machinery of the adaptive immune system, but show specificity in their immune response and immune priming. Functionally, immune priming is comparable to immune memory in vertebrates. Individuals that have survived exposure to a given parasite are better protected against subsequent exposures. Protection may be cross-reactive, but demonstrations of persistent and specific protection in invertebrates are increasing. This immune priming can cross generations ("trans-generational" immune priming), preparing offspring for the prevailing parasite environment. While these phenomena gain increasing support, the mechanistic foundations underlying such immune priming, both within and across generations, remain largely unknown. Using a transcriptomic approach, we show that exposing bumblebee queens with an injection of heat-killed bacteria, known to induce trans-generational immune priming, alters daughter (worker) gene expression. Daughters, even when unexposed themselves, constitutively express a core set of the genes induced upon direct bacterial exposure, including high expression of antimicrobial peptides, a beta-glucan receptor protein implicated in bacterial recognition and the induction of the toll signaling pathway, and slit-3 which is important in honeybee immunity. Maternal exposure results in a distinct upregulation of their daughters' immune system, with a signature overlapping with the induced individual response to a direct exposure. This will mediate mother-offspring protection, but also associated costs related to reconfiguration of constitutive immune expression. Moreover, identification of conserved immune pathways in memory-like responses has important implications for our understanding of the innate immune system, including the innate components in vertebrates, which share many of these pathways.