Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Pooled Sera from Children Participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002
Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Pooled Sera from Children Participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002
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DOI：
10.1021/es803156p
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Needham, Larry L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kato, Kayoko;Calafat, Antonia M.;Needham, Larry L.
为了评估多氟烷基化合物（PFCs）在儿童中的暴露，我们测量了24个混合血清样本中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟己烷磺酸和其他8种PFCs的浓度。用于制作样本池的个体血清样本是从参与2001-2002年国家健康和营养检查调查的美国儿童中收集的。这些儿童来自三个主要种族/民族（非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人和墨西哥裔美国人）、两个年龄组（3-5岁和6-11岁）和两种性别。使用在线固相萃取结合同位素稀释高效液相色谱串联质谱法从100 μ L血清中提取全氟化碳;检测限范围为0.1至0.4 ng/mL。在最后的ANOVA模型中，种族是唯一重要的人口统计学因素，墨西哥裔美国人的浓度似乎低于其他两个种族群体。例如，对于6-11岁的墨西哥裔美国儿童，最小二乘均值估计值分别为30.45纳克/毫升（全氟辛烷磺酸）和6.125纳克/毫升（全氟辛酸），而对于同一年龄组的非西班牙裔白色儿童，最小二乘均值估计值分别为42.45纳克/毫升（全氟辛烷磺酸）和7.575纳克/毫升（全氟辛酸）。然而，在调整潜在的低估与抽样设计相关的方差后，种族并不仍然是一个重要因素。尽管如此，这些研究结果表明，人类接触全氟化学品的人口群体之间的儿童检查可能会有所不同，并强调确定环境来源和途径的全氟化学品的重要性。
To assess exposure of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) among children, we measured the concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and 8 other PFCs in 24 pooled serum samples. The individual serum samples used to make the pools were collected from U.S. children who were participants in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. These children were from three major races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, and Mexican Americans), two age categories (3-5 and 6-11 years), and both sexes. PFCs were extracted from 100 mu L of serum using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ng/mL. In the final ANOVA models, race was the only significant demographic factor, and concentrations appeared to be lower for Mexican Americans than for the other two racial groups. For example, for Mexican American children 6-11 years old, the least-squares means (LSM) estimates were 30.45 ng/mL (PFOS) and 6.125 ng/mL (PFOA), while for non-Hispanic white children of the same age group, the LSM estimates were 42.45 ng/mL (PFOS) and 7.575 ng/mL (PFOA). However, after adjusting for the potential underestimation of variance associated with the sampling design, race did not remain a significant factor. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that human exposure to PFCs among the population groups of children examined may differ and stress the importance of identifying the environmental sources and routes of exposure to PFCs.