Identification of 'Carbon Hot-Spots' and Quantification of GHG Intensities in the Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid LCA and Structural Path Analysis
Identification of 'Carbon Hot-Spots' and Quantification of GHG Intensities in the Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid LCA and Structural Path Analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es103410q
复制
发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
McQueen-Mason, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acquaye, Adolf A.;Wiedmann, Thomas;McQueen-Mason, Simon
预计到2020年，欧盟的生物柴油生产仍将是主要贡献者，作为运输燃料中生物燃料10%的最低约束性目标的一部分，在欧盟整体能源组合中的可再生能源目标为20%。然而，用于评估其环境影响的生物柴油的生命周期评估(LCA)存在问题，主要是因为采用了传统的过程分析方法，导致系统边界截断，以及关于土地利用变化和化肥排放N2O的影响的问题。本文采用混合生命周期评价方法对油菜甲酯(RME)生物柴油的生命周期二氧化碳当量排放进行了评估。该方法使用投入产出分析来估计上游间接排放量，以便在混合框架中补充传统的LCA过程。据估计，传统的LCA每公斤RME排放2.7公斤二氧化碳当量，占RME供应CHIN总生命周期排放量的36.6%。此外，在将上游间接影响纳入LCA系统(占总生命周期排放量的23%)的基础上，还计算了直接土地变化(6%)和间接土地利用变化(16.5%)造成的排放量，以及化肥施用量造成的N2O排放量(17.9%)。结构路径分析用于对生物柴油供应链上游间接排放路径进行分解，以识别、量化和排序生物柴油供应链中的高碳排放路径或热点。例如，研究表明，生物柴油生产过程中来自其他化工产品部门(确定为磷酸，H3PO4)的投入代表着最高的碳排放路径(或热点)，占RME生物柴油供应链上游间接排放总量的5.35%。
It is expected that biodiesel production in the EU will remain the dominant contributor as part of a 10% minimum binding target for biofuel in transportation fuel by 2020 within the 20% renewable energy target in the overall EU energy mix. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of biodiesel to evaluate its environmental impacts have however questionable, mainly because of the adoption of a traditional process analysis approach resulting in system boundary truncation and because of issues regarding the impacts of land use change and N2O emissions from fertilizer application. In this Study, a hybrid LCA methodology is used to evaluate the life cycle CO2 equivalent emissions of rape methyl ester (RME) biodiesel. The methodology uses input-output analysis to estimate upstream indirect emissions in Order to complement traditional process LCA in a hybrid framework. It was estimated that traditional LCA accounted for 2.7 kg CO2-eq.per kg of RME or 36.6% of total life cycle emissions of the RME supply chin. Further to the inclusion of upstream indirect impacts in the LCA system (which accounted for 23% of the total life cycle emissions), emissions due to direct land change (6%) and indirect land use change (16.5%) and N2O emissions from fertilizer applications (17.9%) were also calculated. Structural path analysis is used to decompose upstream indirect emissions paths of the biodiesel supply chain in order to identify, quantify, and rank high carbon emissions paths or hot spots' in the biodiesel supply chain. It was shown, for instance, that inputs from the Other Chemical Products' sector (identified as phosphoric acid, H3PO4) into the biOdiesel production process represented the highest carbon emission path (or hot-spot) with 5.35% of total upstream indirect emissions of the RME biodiesel supply chain.