Scale-dependent climate signals drive breeding phenology of three seabird species
Scale-dependent climate signals drive breeding phenology of three seabird species
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00794.x
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Wanless, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frederiksen, M;Harris, MP;Wanless, S
在适当的时间繁殖对于季节性气候下的动物至关重要，以确保繁殖的能量需求，特别是幼体生长的营养需求，与食物供应高峰相一致。全球气候变化可能会导致食物供应高峰时间发生变化，为了成功适应当前和未来的气候变化，动物需要能够调整它们开始繁殖的时间。许多动物利用繁殖季节之前的环境线索来预测食物供应的季节性高峰，并相应地调整它们的物候。我们通过比较北海殖民地三种海鸟的物候学，检验了这样的假设：繁殖开始的调节应该反映生物体感知环境的规模。正如预测的那样，黑腿三趾鸥（Rissa tridactyla）和海鸠（Uria aalge）这两种分散物种的物候与大规模环境因素（北大西洋涛动）相关，而常驻物种欧洲鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax aristotelis）则更多地受到群体周围当地条件（海面温度）的影响。近年来，欧洲鸬鹬的年平均繁殖成功率较低，但其他两个物种则不然。由于不同尺度气候模式之间的相关性未来可能会发生变化，因此这些发现对于迁徙动物如何应对未来气候变化具有重要意义。
Breeding at the right time is essential for animals in seasonal climates in order to ensure that the energy demands of reproduction, particularly the nutritional requirements of growing young, coincide with peak food availability. Global climate change is likely to cause shifts in the timing of peak food availability, and in order to adapt successfully to current and future climate change, animals need to be able to adjust the time at which they initiate breeding. Many animals use environmental cues available before the breeding season to predict the seasonal peak in food availability and adjust their phenology accordingly. We tested the hypothesis that regulation of breeding onset should reflect the scale at which organisms perceive their environment by comparing phenology of three seabird species at a North Sea colony. As predicted, the phenology of two dispersive species, black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and common guillemot (Uria aalge), correlated with a large-scale environmental cue (the North Atlantic Oscillation), whereas a resident species, European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), was more affected by local conditions (sea surface temperature) around the colony. Annual mean breeding success was lower in late years for European shags, but not for the other two species. Since correlations among climate patterns at different scales are likely to change in the future, these findings have important implications for how migratory animals can respond to future climate change.